MCQ Bank
What is the primary difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in survey research?
- A) Sampling method
- B) Time frame
- C) Research goals
- D) Survey instrument
What does causal-comparative research primarily examine?
- A) Relationships between variables
- B) Consequences and causes
- C) Effects of manipulation
- D) Data collection methods
Which of the following is an advantage of longitudinal studies?
- A) Simultaneous data from groups
- B) Faster data collection
- C) Tracks changes over time
- D) Comparisons across grades
Which design involves two experimental groups and two control groups, allowing for the analysis of pretesting and treatment effects?
- A) Solomon Four-Group
- B) Pretest-Posttest
- C) Case Study
- D) Posttest Only
In causal-comparative research, what is examined first?
- A) Data collection
- B) Consequences
- C) Variables
- D) Causes
What is the key feature of all true experimental designs?
- A) Control groups
- B) No posttests
- C) Pretests
- D) Random assignment
Which of the following best describes research methods?
- A) Philosophical approach
- B) Theoretical framework
- C) Research structure
- D) Data collection and analysis techniques
Which of the following is a key limitation of pre-experimental designs?
- A) Random assignment
- B) Multiple groups
- C) Independent variables
- D) Control group
Which quasi-experimental design involves both an experimental group and a control group, but without random assignment?
- A) Time Series
- B) Case Study
- C) Non-Equivalent Control
- D) Pretest-Posttest
What does a plus sign in a table of validity threats indicate?
- A) Threat irrelevant
- B) Threat controlled
- C) Threat uncontrolled
- D) Threat unknown
In correlational research, what is meant by "covariate"?
- A) One variable causes another
- B) Constant factor
- C) Sample selection
- D) Two variables change together
Which of the following is a key deficiency of pre-experimental designs?
- A) Treatment group
- B) Control group
- C) Random assignment
- D) Independent variables
What is the primary characteristic of quasi-experimental designs?
- A) Random assignment
- B) No control group
- C) No pretests
- D) No random assignment
Which pre-experimental design can control for maturation as a validity threat?
- A) One-Shot Case Study
- B) True Experimental Design
- C) Static Group Comparison
- D) One-Group Pretest-Posttest
Why are causal experimental designs considered to have more control over validity threats compared to pre-experimental designs?
- A) Single group
- B) No external factors
- C) Random assignment
- D) No threats
Which pre-experimental design involves a single group exposed to a treatment, followed by measurement of the outcome?
- A) One-Shot Case Study
- B) One-Group Pretest-Posttest
- C) True Experimental Design
- D) Static Group Comparison
What is the primary focus of research design?
- A) Structure and objectives
- B) Data collection
- C) Data analysis
- D) Philosophy
In experimental research, which of the following is the dependent variable in the given example of physical exercise and mental health?
- A) Mental health
- B) Student participation
- C) Exercise frequency
- D) Exercise duration
What is the main feature of experimental research?
- A) Manipulating the independent variable
- B) Manipulating the dependent variable
- C) Observing natural behavior
- D) Collecting qualitative data
Which of the following is a limitation of pre-experimental designs in terms of validity threats?
- A) Random assignment of participants
- B) Control for all threats
- C) Lack of randomization and control groups
- D) Full control over external factors