What factor influences conformity by making individuals doubt their own judgment?

• A) Anonymity
• B) Self-confidence vs. self-doubt
• C) Dissenters within the group
• D) Agreement among participants.

What is a characteristic of individuals with a hardy personality?

• A) Lack of determination
• B) Resilience and determination in the face of adversity
• C) Avoidance of stressful situations
• D) Succumbing to challenges easily

What are the three stages of Hans Selye's Adaptation Syndrome?

• A) Alarm Reaction, Stage of Resistance, Stage of Exhaustion
• B) Initial Reaction, Stage of Tolerance, Stage of Overwhelm
• C) Early Response, Phase of Adjustment, Final Stage of Fatigue
• D) Startle Phase, Phase of Adaptation, Phase of Burnout

According to Hans Selye, what triggers the release of adrenal corticoids during stress?

• A) Mobilization of the adrenal gland
• B) Increased heart rate
• C) Production of ACTH by the pituitary
• D) Activation of the hypothalamus

Which judgmental bias involves perceiving a group of people in a certain way?

• A) Halo Effect.
• B) Assumed Similarity.
• C) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy.
• D) Stereotyping.

What did the helicopter pilot witness during the My Lai Massacre?

• A) The soldiers assisting civilians in need.
• B) The massacre of unarmed civilians.
• C) A peaceful village scene.
• D) The soldiers engaged in combat with the enemy.

In a situation where most students fail an exam, what attribution might be made based on consensus?

• A) Internal factors.
• B) External factors
• C) Cultural factors.
• D) Individual personality.

Which term refers to attributing success to internal factors and failure to external factors?

• A) Self-serving bias.
• B) Consistency.
• C) Distinctiveness
• D) Fundamental attribution error.

What is the purpose of judgmental shortcuts?

• A) To simplify the process of judging others' behavior.
• B) To complicate the process of understanding behavior.
• C) To eliminate biases in perception.
• D) To provide detailed and accurate information about behavior.

Ahmad experiences chronic stress due to work-related pressure and subsequently develops hypertension. Which model of adverse health would best explain this scenario?

• A) Model B: Stress and Strain Hypothesis
• B) Model E: Chronic Burden Hypothesis
• C) Model A: Victimization Hypothesis
• D) Model F: Event Proneness Hypothesis

What phenomenon occurs when beliefs about a person influence their behavior?

• A) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy.
• B) Halo Effect.
• C) Assumed Similarity.
• D) Selectivity.

Maria experiences stress due to her job dissatisfaction, which she encounters almost every day. How would you classify this stressor based on its duration and intensity?

• A) Chronic stressor
• B) Major personal life event
• C) Acute stressor
• D) Cataclysmic event

How do individuals with a hardy personality typically respond to setbacks?

• A) They become easily discouraged
• B) They succumb to stress.
• C) They avoid challenges.
• D) They view setbacks as opportunities for growth

A study aims to investigate the impact of stressful life events on health outcomes while controlling for individual coping strategies. Which model would be the most relevant for this study?

• A) Model D: Additive Burden Hypothesis
• B) Model F: Event Proneness Hypothesis
• C) Model B: Stress and Strain Hypothesis
• D) Model A: Victimization Hypothesis

What is the main focus of the stress-strain hypothesis?

• A) Proposing that transitory life events have no role in precipitating illness
• B) Examining the direct effect of stressful events on health
• C) Identifying pre-existing personal dispositions
• D) Mediating the impact of life events on subsequent health and illness

How does perceived control over a stressor affect an individual's response?

• A) It can contribute to better coping.
• B) It increases the intensity of stressors.
• C) It leads to feelings of overwhelm.
• D) It has no effect on their response.

Sarah experiences stress while preparing for her exams. Which aspect of stress measurement would this scenario best illustrate?

• A) Intensity of stressors
• B) Qualitative measurement of stress
• C) Predictability of stressors
• D) Chronic stressors vs. acute stressors

The two hormones measured to assess the immediate response to stress are:

• A) Adrenaline and Non-adrenaline
• B) Insulin and Glucagon
• C) Estrogen and Progesterone
• D) Adrenaline and Cortisol

How do psychologists typically help individuals to overcome phobias?

• A) By avoiding the feared objects or situations.
• B) By reinforcing negative perceptions.
• C) By gradually exposing them to their fears in a controlled environment.
• D) By ignoring their fears.

What is the main focus of measuring stress psychologically?

• A) Identifying specific physiological dysfunctions
• B) Assessing hormone levels
• C) Examining psychiatric symptoms
• D) Analysing immune system responses