Fairclough (1993) defines CDA as discourse analysis which aims to explore often opaque relationships of ___________________ and determination.

• A) outgrowth
• B) consequence
• C) finale
• D) causality

We assume he or she is intending to be clear. According to Paul Grice, it is a maxim of _________________.

• A) None of the given options
• B) quantity
• C) relevance
• D) quality

A deictic expression is a word or phrase (such as this, that, these, those, now, then) that points to the time, place, or situation in which a speaker is__________________.

• A) verbalizing
• B) All of the given options
• C) speaking
• D) articulating

In some contexts, spatial deixis is used metaphorically rather than __________________, i.e. the speaker is not speaking as the deictic centre.

• A) phototypographically
• B) mechanically
• C) physically
• D) stratigraphically

In pragmatics, person deixis concerns with __________________ of the role of participants in the speech even in which the utterance in question is delivered.

• A) cracking
• B) decrypting
• C) encoding
• D) decoding

A direct speech act is that when we _________________ something.

• A) function
• B) respond
• C) retort
• D) interrogate

We can also refer to things when we’re not sure what to ____________________them.

• A) skew
• B) radiate
• C) accent
• D) call

Developmentally, dialogue comes___________________ both for the human species, and for the human individuals.

• A) fourth
• B) third
• C) first
• D) second

In discourse as dialogue, reasonable to assume is that speech preceded________________ and dialogue preceded monologue.

• A) reading
• B) speaking
• C) writing
• D) listening

Deixis means ________________ via language.

• A) intensifying
• B) escalating
• C) pointing
• D) None of the given options

Like quality maxim, the other three maxims __________________.

• A) can also be obeyed
• B) cannot be flouted
• C) can also be flouted
• D) None of the given options

In conversational interactions, a great deal of what is meant is not actually present in what is___________________.

• A) said
• B) requested
• C) permitted
• D) allowed

A successful act of reference depends more on the listener’s _________________ to recognize what we mean than on the listener’s “dictionary” knowledge of a word we use.

• A) ability
• B) inanity
• C) ineptness
• D) lexeme meaning

Indirect speech acts seems to be more _________________than direct speech acts.

• A) moderate
• B) All of the given options
• C) polite
• D) gentle

There is a degree of ____________________ in identifying a stretch of language as discourse.

• A) subjectivity
• B) subjectivity and objectivity
• C) objectivity
• D) None of the given options

While interpreting discourse, rather than simply rejecting the text as ungrammatical, we try to make ___________________ of it.

• A) sense
• B) censor
• C) sensor
• D) cense

Discourse analysis is the study of how__________________ used in communication assume meaning, purpose and unity for their users.

• A) precinct of language
• B) stretches of language
• C) stagnation of language
• D) All of the given options

Almost any speech act is really the performance of _________________ acts at once, distinguished by different aspects of the speaker's intention.

• A) three
• B) two
• C) one
• D) several

Referential relationship, the second (or subsequent) referring expression, is an example of _________________.

• A) complement
• B) anaphora
• C) None of the given options
• D) antecedent

An appropriate number of ____________________ may be a crucial factor in our judgments on whether something is well written or not.

• A) cheesy ties
• B) close ties
• C) cohesive ties
• D) None of the given options