MCQ Bank

Data transformation is the process of converting data from its original form into a format that is more appropriate for analysis. It can include changing scales, formats, or variables to facilitate statistical analysis.

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In a survey, if answers to some questions are missing but in some cases answer is necessary the editor put in the _______.

A) Right value
B) Major value
C) Minimum value
D) Plug value

AI Explanation

A plug value is inserted when a response is missing but a value is necessary for analysis. It provides a reasonable substitute so the data set can be processed without leaving the required field blank.

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________ involves assigning numbers or other symbols to answers so the responses can be grouped.

A) Editing
B) Data cleaning
C) Plug value
D) Coding

AI Explanation

Coding involves assigning numbers or symbols to responses so that they can be grouped into categories. This makes survey responses easier to organise, enter, and analyse statistically.

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The purpose of field editing is to catch _________ and clarify responses that are logically or conceptually inconsistent.

A) technical omissions
B) mechanical omissions
C) major omissions
D) superficial omissions

AI Explanation

Field editing is performed to identify mechanical omissions and clarify responses that are logically or conceptually inconsistent. It helps ensure that questionnaires are complete and internally consistent before further processing.

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Among the following, _________ is not a stage in data analysis.

A) Stratification
B) Editing
C) Entry
D) Coding

AI Explanation

Stratification is a technique used to organise or divide data into groups rather than a standard stage in the basic data-analysis process. Editing, entry, and coding are commonly included as stages of preparing data for analysis.

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A __________ is a set of rules stating that certain numbers are assigned to variable attributes.

A) coding procedure
B) field
C) code-book
D) file

AI Explanation

A coding procedure is a set of rules that specifies which numbers or symbols are assigned to the attributes of variables. It ensures that responses are coded consistently for analysis.

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The purpose of data editing is to ensure the ______________ of the data.

A) completeness, consistency and readability
B) difficulty, changeability and credibility
C) uniqueness, regularity and changeability
D) incompetency, specialty and discrepancy

AI Explanation

Data editing is performed to check that the collected data are complete, consistent, and readable. This helps identify errors or omissions before the data are analysed.

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Researchers convert raw count tables into _________ to see bi-variate relationship.

A) Charts
B) Univariate
C) Percentages
D) Graphs

AI Explanation

Researchers often convert raw count tables into percentages to make comparisons between categories easier. Percentages are especially useful for examining relationships between two variables in bivariate analysis.

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A _____ is a measure in which the researcher captures the intensity, direction, level, or potency of a variable construct.

A) Constant
B) Scale
C) Index
D) Variable

AI Explanation

A scale is a measurement tool used to capture the intensity, direction, level, or potency of a variable construct. It allows researchers to quantify characteristics that may vary in degree.

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Another situation an editor may face is the need to rearrange the answers to an open-ended response to a question. This is called ________________.

A) Editing for Completeness
B) Editing Questions Answered out of Order
C) In-House Editing
D) Editing for Consistency

AI Explanation

When respondents answer an open-ended question out of the expected sequence, the editor may need to rearrange the responses. This process is referred to as editing questions answered out of order.

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Q10

_________ categories of a variable is a common data transformation.

A) Combining
B) Separating
C) Dividing
D) Segregating

AI Explanation

Combining categories of a variable is a common data transformation used to simplify data. It involves merging related categories into broader groups for easier analysis.

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Q11

A trivariate table has a bivariate table of the independent and dependent variable for each category of the_________.

A) Suppressor variable pattern
B) Control variable
C) Partials
D) Dependent

AI Explanation

A trivariate table presents the relationship between an independent and dependent variable for each category of a control variable. This allows researchers to examine whether the relationship changes when controlled for another variable.

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Q12

Q: ------- may have to reconstruct some data.

A) reader
B) researcher
C) editor
D) Writer

AI Explanation

An editor may have to reconstruct some data when responses are incomplete or unclear. Reconstruction helps make the collected information usable for subsequent analysis.

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Q13

Consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of _________.

A) Index
B) Scale
C) Indicator
D) Inflation

AI Explanation

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures changes in the general price level of goods and services purchased by consumers. It is commonly used as an indicator of inflation.

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Q14

The editor may have to _______ some data.

A) Change
B) Erase
C) Reconstruct
D) Hide

AI Explanation

An editor may have to reconstruct some data when information is missing or incomplete. This is done to make the dataset sufficiently complete and suitable for analysis.

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Q15

There are two basic rules for code construction. First, the coding categories should be_________. Second, the coding categories should also be________.

A) Internal, external
B) Intensive, extensive
C) Blended, extended
D) Exhaustive, mutually exclusive

AI Explanation

Coding categories should be exhaustive so that every possible response can be assigned to a category. They should also be mutually exclusive so that each response fits into only one category.

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Q16

The in-house editor’s task is to ensure that inconsistent or contradictory responses are _________.

A) Adjusted
B) Calculated
C) Increased
D) Changed

AI Explanation

The in-house editor checks responses for inconsistencies and contradictions. Such responses are adjusted or corrected where appropriate so the data are suitable for analysis.

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Q17

The _________ contingency table is widely used. These tables are based on cross-tabulation.

A) Trivariate
B) Bivariate
C) Univariate
D) Percentage

AI Explanation

Bivariate contingency tables are widely used and are based on cross-tabulation. They show the relationship between two variables by displaying their categories together.

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Q18

In experiments, pretests and posttests measure ______ variable.

A) Y
B) Z
C) A
D) X

AI Explanation

In experimental research, pretests and posttests commonly measure the dependent variable, conventionally represented as Y. The independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect on Y.

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Q19

When early reviewing of the data is not possible, ________ is done.

A) Editing for Completeness
B) Editing for Consistency
C) In-House Editing
D) Coding

AI Explanation

When early review of data in the field is not possible, in-house editing is conducted after the completed questionnaires or data are received. It allows editors to check completeness, consistency, and other data-quality issues.