Which of the following food would have umami taste?

• A) Yogurt
• B) Honey
• C) Meat
• D) Milk

Which of the following does NOT cause nociceptive pain?

• A) Severe Pressure
• B) High Temperature
• C) Spinal Cord Injury
• D) Chemical Burn

The top-down process depends on the person’s:

• A) Future Expectation
• B) Current Experience
• C) Past Knowledge
• D) Current Experience and Future Expectation

What is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if it’s the original conditioned stimulus?

• A) Stimulus discrimination
• B) Higher-order conditioning
• C) Spontaneous recovery
• D) Stimulus generalization

The intensity of pain is determined by the amount of ______ cells activity.

• A) T
• B) S
• C) R
• D) B

Which of the following is NOT involved in the pathway for olfaction?

• A) Orbitofrontal Cortex
• B) Hippocampus
• C) Piriform Cortex
• D) Amygdala

Classical conditioning is based on the work of which person?

• A) Bowlby
• B) Bandura
• C) Pavlov
• D) Freud

In Pavlov’s experiments, the bell acted as a(an):

• A) Conditioned stimulus
• B) Unconditioned response
• C) Unconditioned stimulus
• D) Conditioned response

Learning may be defined as a ______ change in behavior that occurs as the result of experience.

• A) Continuous
• B) Sensitization
• C) Relatively consistent
• D) Fixed

Which of the following is not a type of human memory system?

• A) Semantic
• B) Syntax
• C) Working
• D) Implicit

The process of retaining, retrieving and using information is called:

• A) Learning
• B) Memory
• C) Retention
• D) Shaping

Attendants must observe teacher to learn how to dance in dancing classes. This example would best relate to which of the following stages of learning?

• A) Reinforcement
• B) Reproduction
• C) Retention
• D) Attention

Baddeley and Hitch (1974) devised which model of memory?

• A) Working memory model
• B) Levels of processing model
• C) Spreading activation model
• D) Situational memory model

The response in classical conditioning is __________ while it is ________ in operant conditioning.

• A) Emitted, elicited
• B) Involuntary, voluntary
• C) Voluntary, automatic
• D) Voluntary, involuntary

Ali left his home, vanished from normal life and take on a new identity. Ali is suffering from which of the following disease?

• A) Infantile amnesia
• B) Anterograde amnesia
• C) Alzheimer
• D) Psychogenic fugue

In our lives much of social learning is occur due to which of the following?

• A) Reinforcement
• B) Punishment
• C) Observation
• D) Memory

Memorizing list of nonsense syllables was practiced by whom?

• A) Copper
• B) Ebbinghaus
• C) Driskell
• D) Willis

Shaping can be a slow, time-consuming process. What is one way to effectively speed up the process?

• A) Each time you increase the criteria for reinforcement, do so by larger increments.
• B) Model the desired response for the individual.
• C) Add a punishment contingency for incorrect responses.
• D) All of these are effective ways to make shaping more efficient.

Which structure of the working memory model is responsible for storing speech sounds for a limited duration?

• A) Episodic buffer
• B) Phonological loop
• C) Sketch pad
• D) Central executive

A systematic process of reinforcing successive approximations to a target behavior is called:

• A) Shaping
• B) Prompting
• C) Chaining
• D) Labeling