Lev Vygotsky's socio-cultural approach builds upon the role of language and:

• A) Physical tools
• B) Psychological tools
• C) Cultural tools
• D) Emotional tools

Cognition refers to thinking and:

• A) Sensations
• B) Physical actions
• C) Mental processes
• D) Emotions

Who proposed the socio-cultural theory?

• A) Jean Piaget
• B) Lawrence Kohlberg
• C) Lev Vygotsky
• D) Erik Erickson

Which of the following may refer as a motivating force that impels us to attend to a person, a thing, or an activity?

• A) Metacognition
• B) Perception
• C) Interest
• D) Reinforcement

Which of the following is a key role of the teacher in supporting learners' intellectual development?

• A) Engaging Learning Environment
• B) Organizing field trips
• C) Grading assignments
• D) Monitoring attendance

Who introduced the concept of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

• A) Jerome Bruner
• B) John Dewey
• C) Lev Vygotsky
• D) Jean Piaget

Which of the following is a common characteristic of preschool-aged children?

• A) Patience
• B) Empathy
• C) Independence
• D) Distractibility

Which of the following refers to a purposeful collection of evidences of student’s academic work in a given period of time?

• A) Rubric
• B) Data sheet
• C) File
• D) Portfolio

During which age range do most children typically start to develop their meta-linguistic awareness?

• A) 8 to 10
• B) 3 to 6
• C) 1 to 3
• D) 6 to 8

What is the benefit of using group intelligence tests?

• A) They are more accurate than individual intelligence tests
• B) They allow the examiner to develop rapport
• C) Determine the student's level of anxiety
• D) They are quick and cost-effective

Which of the following is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by inattention and impulsivity in the behaviour of children?

• A) Bipolar
• B) Dyslexia
• C) ADHD
• D) Autism

Which of the following views of intelligence suggests that intelligence can be improved with practice and a supportive environment?

• A) Genetic
• B) Fixed
• C) Immutable
• D) Incremental

The Formal operational stage in Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory starts from:

• A) 4 years to own word
• B) 9 years to own word
• C) 2 years to own word
• D) 11 years to own word

The sensory-motor stage in Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory starts from:

• A) Birth to 6 months
• B) Birth to 2 years
• C) Birth to 3 months
• D) Birth to 1 year

Who developed the concept of mental age to measure intelligence?

• A) Howard Gardner
• B) Sternberg
• C) Alfred Binet
• D) William Stern

What are the two most commonly used individual tests to measure intelligence?

• A) Stanford-Binet test and Wechsler scales
• B) Stanford-Binet test and achievement test
• C) Wechsler scales and aptitude test
• D) Achievement test and aptitude test

Which of the following refers to a process for establishing the relationships between two or more variables?

• A) Reliability
• B) Validity
• C) Objectivity
• D) Correlation

Which of the following developments is related to cognitive abilities and capacities?

• A) Intellectual
• B) Emotional
• C) Physical
• D) Moral

‘Shortness or tallness of stature, darkness or fairness of complexion’ are the examples of which of the following area of individual differences?

• A) Intellectual
• B) Physical
• C) Emotional
• D) Psychological

What is metacognition?

• A) Thinking about knowing
• B) Creating mental images in mind
• C) Practical implementation of ideas
• D) Generating knowledge