Which one of the following is conventional general philosophy?

• A) Pragmatism
• B) Reconstructionism
• C) Essentialism
• D) Perennialism

According to Montessori, what occurs when a child is criticized too much by an adult?

• A) He gives up
• B) He becomes confident
• C) He becomes oppressed
• D) He tries harder

What subjects are emphasized in Bagley’s essentialist core curriculum?

• A) Humanities and drama
• B) Citizenship training
• C) Reading and math
• D) Arts and music

What is a key criticism of Piaget’s research method?

• A) Too many subjects
• B) Overused technology
• C) Focused only on adults
• D) Lacked scientific controls

Montessori work with:

• A) dealers
• B) professors
• C) teachers
• D) typical children

Jaspers showed a discontent with the function of modern university which he believed were limited to:

• A) Research and Professional Education
• B) Training
• C) Transmission of Particular kind of Culture
• D) Research, Training, Professional Education, and Transmission of Particular kind of Culture

In the existentialist classroom, the curriculum is:

• A) determined prior to instruction by the teacher
• B) constructed by students during cooperative learning activities
• C) focused on the subject matter
• D) chosen by the student for self-directed learning

Bloom’s main theme of education emphasized:

• A) Political activism
• B) Scientific progress
• C) Job training
• D) Self-knowledge

Who believed that seeking knowledge and truth meant something more than just maintaining a community of scholars and students?

• A) Socrates
• B) Xenophanes
• C) Karl Jasper
• D) Aristotle

Who criticized Bloom’s emphasis on a Great Books curriculum by saying it would make students “know and understand virtually nothing”?

• A) Plato
• B) Aristotle
• C) Chomsky
• D) Socrates

It is a way of educating “the masses of humanity” to critically analyze themselves in relation to their society?

• A) Education
• B) Curriculum
• C) Content
• D) Syllabus

What was the purpose of Maria Montessori's use of metal insets in teaching writing?

• A) To encourage children to draw creatively
• B) To introduce children to mathematical concepts
• C) To help children memorize geometric shapes
• D) To develop muscular coordination for writing

When did the first teacher training program planned?

• A) 1905
• B) 1909
• C) 1911
• D) 1907

What was a key focus of Montessori’s first teacher training course in 1909?

• A) Scientific observation
• B) Strict syllabus
• C) Memorization
• D) Discipline

Karl Jasper said; even if a particular kind of knowledge is universally valid, it is not absolutely:

• A) True
• B) Reliable
• C) Objective
• D) Subjective

Chomsky criticized Blooms emphasis on which of the following?

• A) Equality
• B) Nature of knowledge
• C) Social issues
• D) Curriculum

For Essentialists, who is the main focus of the classroom?

• A) Teacher
• B) Curriculum
• C) Environment
• D) Student

Bagley proposed introduction of___________in education, which develop a child’s interest in the particular field.

• A) Discipline and duty
• B) Guidance and direction
• C) Solving a problem
• D) Active learning

Jean Piaget was originally trained as a:

• A) Biologist
• B) Philosopher
• C) Psychologist
• D) Teacher

Stages of development constructed by Piaget are representative of.

• A) Western society and culture
• B) Islamic society and culture
• C) All of the above
• D) Foreign society and culture