What distinguishes Paralogous genes from orthologous genes?

• A) Have identical functions and common ancestry
• B) Have different functions and separated by gene cloning
• C) Have different functions and common ancestry
• D) a) Have Identical functions and gene cloning Have Identical functions and separated by gene cloning

In STRING, what is the significance of a high confidence score for a protein-protein interaction?

• A) Implies a fictional interaction
• B) Indicates a strong experimental support
• C) Suggests a weak and unreliable interaction
• D) Denotes a secret interaction

After identifying differentially expressed genes, what is the next step to understand the biological significance of these genes?

• A) Adjust for multiple testing
• B) Perform functional enrichment analysis
• C) Apply statistical tests
• D) Validate findings using quantitative PCR

In STRING, what do red lines represent in evidence mode of the network view?

• A) Text mining evidence
• B) Co-occurrence evidence
• C) Experimental evidence
• D) Fusion evidence

What is the purpose of the PyRx Wizard?

• A) Automated setup of docking parameters
• B) Code debugging
• C) Graphic design
• D) Spell-checking

Which of the following is true about the reference structure in RMSD calculations?

• A) It is the final structure of the simulation.
• B) It is irrelevant for RMSD calculations.
• C) It is the initial or target structure for comparison.
• D) It is randomly selected during the simulation.

In molecular dynamics simulations, what does the Beta-factor measure for individual atoms?

• A) Spread of atomic positions
• B) Average distance between atoms
• C) Conformational changes
• D) Degree of flexibility of atoms

In STRING, what does the thickness of lines in confidence mode indicate in the network view?

• A) Degree of confidence prediction of the interaction
• B) Protein concentrations
• C) Types of organisms
• D) Temperature variations

What does the term "homologous genes" refer to in the context of gene evolution?

• A) Genes duplicated within the genome
• B) Genes with the same origin or common ancestor
• C) Genes with different functions
• D) Genes resulting from gene cloning

What is the role of the PyRx AutoGrid in molecular docking simulations?

• A) Visualization of docking results
• B) Automated ligand preparation
• C) Statistical analysis of docking scores
• D) Definition of the docking grid for ligand binding

Which file format is commonly used as input for LigPlot+ analysis?

• A) DOCX
• B) PDF
• C) PDB
• D) TXT

In a volcano plot, how are genes typically represented?

• A) As bars with varying lengths
• B) As lines connecting different data points
• C) As circles with different colors
• D) As points with coordinates on a Cartesian plane

In LigPlot+, what does the term "water bridge" refer to?

• A) The presence of water molecules in the ligand
• B) A water-mediated interaction between the ligand and protein
• C) A type of hydrogen bond
• D) A connection between two proteins

In STRING, what does the co-expression view represent with a red square?

• A) Genes that occur repeatedly in close proximity
• B) Significant protein interaction datasets
• C) Co-expressed genes, with the intensity of color representing the association score
• D) Fusion events

What information does the "Regulatory build" tab in the Ensembl Genome Browser provides for the gene?

• A) Legend for different genes on the same chromosome
• B) Legend for regulatory elements in the gene
• C) Exons, introns, and other regions of the genome
• D) Overlapping sequences of gene from different databases

A higher Radius of Gyration value indicates:

• A) A more compact molecular structure
• B) Slower simulation speed
• C) A more extended or spread-out structure
• D) Higher kinetic energy of particles

What does the Ensembl Genome Browser provide centralized resources for?

• A) For geneticists, molecular biologists, and researchers studying genomes
• B) For analyzing non-coding RNA
• C) Only for gene cloning experiments
• D) Only for studying protein structures

How do you exit a loop when a specific condition is met in Python?

• A) end
• B) stop
• C) exit
• D) break

What method is used to close an open file in Python?

• A) file.closeFile()
• B) closeFile()
• C) file.close()
• D) close()

------------ is the purpose of the following command in the terminal or command prompt. pip install Biopython

• A) Create a virtual environment
• B) Update the Python interpreter
• C) Edit the Biopython language
• D) Install a Python package named Biopython