How are the resultant fragments separated in restriction enzyme mapping?

• A) Polymerase chain reaction
• B) Spectrophotometry
• C) Chromatography
• D) Electrophoresis

What consequence could occur if the RNA pellet is allowed to over-dry during the air-drying step?

• A) No impact on RNA quality
• B) Increased RNA solubility
• C) Decreased RNA solubility
• D) Faster RNA hydration

What distinguishes a stock solution from a working solution in a laboratory setting?

• A) Stock solutions are concentrated solutions of known, accurate concentrations for future dilution, while working solutions are made for actual use in the lab.
• B) Stock solutions are concentrated solutions of unknown concentrations, while working solutions have known and accurate concentrations.
• C)
• D)

How is DNA purity commonly calculated using absorbance readings?

• A) A280/260 ratio
• B) A260/230 ratio
• C) A260/280 ratio
• D) A260/320 ratio

What is the recommended anticoagulant for blood collection in the described DNA extraction protocol?

• A) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
• B) Isopropanol
• C) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• D) Tris EDTA buffer

What is the primary technique commonly used to determine DNA/RNA yield and purity?

• A) Electrophoresis
• B) Mass spectrometry
• C) Chromatography
• D) Absorbance using Nanodrop

What is the most commonly used concentration of Ethidium bromide stock that is added for DNA quantification in the gel solution?

• A) 10 mg/mL
• B) 15 mg/mL
• C) 1 mg/mL
• D) 5 mg/mL

Which step involves the extraction of proteins from the sample?

• A) DNA Precipitation
• B) Digestion step (Lysis of White blood cells, WBC)
• C) Lysis of Red Blood Cells, RBC
• D) Phase Separation step

DNA concentration is estimated using a spectrophotometer at which of the following UV wavelength?

• A) 280nm
• B) 320nm
• C) 230nm
• D) 260nm

Why is the rate at which a DNA molecule moves through an agarose gel inversely proportional to its size during electrophoresis?

• A) Larger molecules move slower
• B) Smaller molecules move faster
• C) Smaller molecules move slower
• D) Larger molecules move faster

What is the purpose of the "Phase Separation step" in the DNA extraction process?

• A) Extraction of DNA from solution
• B) Precipitation of DNA
• C) Removal of digested protein
• D) Precipitation of DNA

To measure the quantity of RNA, which instrument is commonly used

• A) Nanodrop
• B) Both nanodrop and spectrophotometer
• C) Spectrophotometer
• D) Gel electrophoresis

What is the primary purpose of boiling Agarose in the TAE buffer during gel preparation?

• A) To change colour of agarose gel
• B) To increase gel concentration
• C) To sterilize the gel
• D) To dissolve agarose in the buffer

What does an A260/280 ratio of ~1.8 indicate for DNA?

• A) Low purity
• B) Presence of proteins
• C) Presence of contaminants
• D) High purity

Why is it important not to disturb the RNA pellet during the isopropanol addition step in RNA extraction?

• A) To avoid RNA degradation
• B) To ensure proper mixing
• C) To speed up the process
• D) To prevent contamination

What is the role of 3X Bromophenol blue in the DNA loading process?

• A) To improve gel conductivity
• B) To enhance DNA visibility
• C) To quantify DNA concentration
• D) To act as a loading dye

How are the resultant fragments in restriction mapping separated and their sizes determined in base pairs?

• A) UV-Visible spectroscopy
• B) SDS-PAGE and Western blotting
• C) Agarose gel electrophoresis and comparison with a standard size marker
• D) Northern blotting and comparison with a standard size marker

Why is the correct map crucial in restriction enzyme mapping?

• A) It guarantees the smallest fragments
• B) It predicts the largest fragments
• C) It accounts for all the bands seen on the gel
• D) It ensures the fastest migration rate

To improve the conductivity of the gel During electrophoresis, at what voltage is the process carried out?

• A) 50V
• B) 125V
• C) 75V
• D) 100V

What component is used to create an electric field during agarose gel electrophoresis?

• A) Agarose gel
• B) Ethidium bromide
• C) DNA ladder
• D) Running buffer