Char represents:

• A) integers
• B) natural numbers excluding zero
• C) real numbers
• D) set of alphanumeric characters

To define constants in VDM-SL, ______________ keyword is used.

• A) inv
• B) values
• C) init
• D) types

Constant is something that is not essential to any specification, but can greatly enhance its ______________.

• A) scalability
• B) usability
• C) readability
• D) maintainability

An argument is an assertion that a given set of propositions P1, P2,...,Pn, called …..

• A) Solution
• B) Conclusion
• C) Premises
• D) Contradictions

A function is a set of ____________ from one set to another.

• A) logical operators
• B) alphabets
• C) assignments
• D) integers

Z represents:

• A) real numbers
• B) natural numbers
• C) integers
• D) boolean values

_____ refers to the opposite of what was originally stated?

• A) Negation
• B) Implication
• C) Disjunction
• D) Conjunction

In VDM-SL, the state refers to the _______________ data that must be stored by the system.

• A) complex
• B) temporary
• C) partial
• D) permanent

The invariant definition uses the keyword _______________.

• A) init
• B) invar
• C) types
• D) inv

p → q is logically equivalent to ________

• A) ¬p ∧ q
• B) ¬p ∨ ¬q
• C) p ∨ ¬q
• D) ¬p ∨ q

The purpose of ______________ function is to check whether an integer value, val, is within the range MIN and MAX as defined earlier.

• A) atRange
• B) ofRange
• C) inRange
• D) onRange

The truth table contains only T in the ____ column in tautology?

• A) Middle
• B) Second
• C) Final
• D) Initial

Which sign is used for commenting in VDM-SL?

• A) //
• B) --
• C) ==
• D) ##

Which one is not the component of a complete VDM-SL specification?

• A) Functions
• B) Libraries
• C) State definition
• D) Declaration of constants

R represents:

• A) real numbers
• B) natural numbers
• C) integers
• D) characters

The universal quantifier denoted by ---------

• A) ∈
• B) ∧
• C) ∀
• D) ~

It is common in the programming world for a ________________ to be undefined.

• A) formula
• B) diagram
• C) equation
• D) value

A quote type defines a single value, and at the same time defines a ____________ containing just that value.

• A) function
• B) constant
• C) type
• D) formula

A new __________ ends the comment in VDM-SL.

• A) backward slash
• B) line
• C) value
• D) pointer

In the system of logic, a proposition could have the value TRUE, FALSE or ……….

• A) Fallacy
• B) Undefined
• C) Conditional
• D) Negative