Which type of pricing is often used by tech companies launching innovative products?

• A) Penetration pricing
• B) Bundle pricing
• C) Price skimming
• D) Cost-based pricing

What is Murabaha in Islamic finance?

• A) Stock market investment
• B) A leasing contract
• C) Asset-backed cost-plus financing
• D) A type of debt bond

Which of the following is an example of a direct distribution channel?

• A) Wholesaler
• B) Supermarket
• C) Distributor
• D) E-commerce website

Why is accounting called the "language of business"?

• A) Because it provides financial transparency
• B) Because it manages IT systems
• C) Because it involves marketing
• D) Because it uses English

What is Mudarabah in Islamic finance?

• A) A leasing contract
• B) A risk-sharing profit arrangement
• C) An interest-bearing loan
• D) A gambling-based investment

What does ESG investing focus on?

• A) Employee retirement plans
• B) Environmental, Social, and Governance factors
• C) Stock prices
• D) Economic slowdown

Which pricing model adjusts prices in real-time based on demand?

• A) Bundle pricing
• B) Dynamic pricing
• C) Psychological pricing
• D) Skimming

What is the function of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)?

• A) Issuing passports
• B) Trading financial securities
• C) Inspecting business sites
• D) Collecting taxes

A tech firm introduces a basic version of its app for free and charges for premium features. This is:

• A) Freemium model
• B) Psychological pricing
• C) Value-based pricing
• D) Promotional pricing

How does factoring work in short-term finance?

• A) Taking a long-term loan
• B) Selling receivables for quick cash
• C) Investing in stocks
• D) Selling inventory

What is the key principle that Islamic finance prohibits?

• A) Profit-making
• B) Risk-sharing
• C) Asset-backing
• D) Interest (Riba)

A fitness app targets senior citizens with low-impact workouts. This is an example of:

• A) Undifferentiated marketing
• B) Behavioral segmentation
• C) Niche positioning
• D) Geographic segmentation

During which stage of the Product Life Cycle is promotion typically heaviest?

• A) Growth
• B) Introduction
• C) Maturity
• D) Decline

Why is “People” important in the 7Ps of marketing?

• A) It ensures automation
• B) It includes factory workers
• C) It impacts service quality
• D) It refers to product designers

Why do companies use bundle pricing?

• A) To offer combined value at a discount
• B) To reduce product quality
• C) To charge more for a single product
• D) To increase production time

A coffee shop uses three cup sizes with strategic pricing to make the medium seem most valuable. This is:

• A) Decoy pricing
• B) Freemium pricing
• C) Penetration pricing
• D) Dynamic pricing

What is the main disadvantage of equity financing?

• A) Diluted control
• B) High interest rates
• C) Tax penalties
• D) Asset depreciation

What role does post-purchase behavior play in marketing?

• A) It influences future loyalty and word-of-mouth
• B) It determines production volume
• C) It replaces the need for promotion
• D) It affects product design

During the growth stage of a product lifecycle, what strategy would a marketer likely adopt?

• A) Increase market share through differentiation
• B) Offer frequent discounts
• C) Discontinue the product
• D) Reduce marketing to save cost

Why is the augmented product important in marketing?

• A) It increases manufacturing costs
• B) It adds extra value like warranties or services
• C) It limits customer interaction
• D) It focuses on only core features