Oldest multicellular eukaryotes: reported from rocks 1200 Ma in _______.

• A) Africa
• B) Canada
• C) England
• D) America

There are _____ observations for distinguishing equilibrium and expansion models of diversification of life.

• A) 6
• B) 8
• C) 9
• D) 7

Archaeopteryx, found in Upper Jurassic sediments in southern Germany in _______.

• A) 1861
• B) 1971
• C) 1961
• D) 1761

Which of the following model represents the additive increase, the addition of a fixed number of new species in each unit of time?_________

• A) The linear model
• B) The curve model
• C) The exponential model
• D) The logistic model

Ants, bees, wasps and termites are _____ organisms.

• A) colonial
• B) multicellular
• C) unicellular
• D) all

Fecal pellets and coprolites are the types of ____ fossils.

• A) mineralised
• B) trace
• C) plant
• D) none

Ichthysaurs use _____ for steering.

• A) fins
• B) both
• C) paddles
• D) none

Early primates ______ were squirrel-like animals that may have climbed trees and fed on fruit, seeds and leaves.

• A) Plesiadapis
• B) Dinosaurs
• C) Plesiosaurs
• D) Ichthsaurs

Sahelanthropus and Orrorin were already bipedal by ___ Ma.

• A) 5
• B) 4
• C) 6
• D) 7

Gorillas seem to have diverged first, about ......... and the ancestors of humans and chimps separated about ..........

• A) 10 Ma, 8–6 Ma.
• B) 9 Ma, 5–3 Ma.
• C) 11 Ma, 9-4 Ma.
• D) 8 Ma, 4–1 Ma.

The gibbons of Southeast Asia are the most primitive living apes, having branched off ______ Ma.

• A) 30-25
• B) 40-35
• C) 20-15
• D) 25– 20

A unique small-sized human species, _____ arose about 18,000 years ago.

• A) none
• B) H. sapiens
• C) H. fl oresiensis
• D) H. erectus

Apes arose from the.........

• A) Old World monkeys
• B) New world Monkeys
• C) both a and b
• D) Modern world monkeys

The study of trace fossils, often called _______.

• A) ornithology
• B) ichnology
• C) paleontology
• D) geology

______ soils suggest that larger plants and animals had moved onto land.

• A) Ordovician
• B) Precambrian
• C) Silurian
• D) Cambrian

According to __________ model the diversity continues to expand without reaching a global carrying capacity.

• A) Exponential
• B) Time lag
• C) Fluid mosaic model
• D) Logistic

_____ arose from the Old World monkeys before the end of the Oligocene.

• A) Macaques
• B) Baboons
• C) Monkeys
• D) Apes

The perching birds radiated in the _______.

• A) none
• B) Triassic
• C) Jurassic
• D) Miocene

The oldest known bird fossil is _____.

• A) ichthysaurs
• B) plesiosaurs
• C) archaeopteryx
• D) dinasaurs

_______ is concerned with species confinement to its present range in space.

• A) Marine biogeography
• B) Ecological biogeography
• C) Biogeography.
• D) Plant biogeography