The organelles that have their own DNA and have striking similarities to bacteria cells.

• A) Nucleus and peroxisomes
• B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• C) Chloroplast and vacuoles
• D) Mitochondria and nucleus

-------- produce Bt-toxin which is lethal for insects if ingested, but non- pathogenic to humans and other animals.

• A) Bacillus thuringiensis
• B) Bacillus subtilis
• C) Anoxybacillus
• D) E.coli

A type of fungus ------- has been developed into meat substitute for human consumption.

• A) Agrocybe molesta
• B) Fusarium graminearum
• C) Aleurodiscus wakefieldiae
• D) Agaricus bitorquis

The enzyme that is used to attach the new DNA segments is called ---------

• A) DNA polymerase
• B) none
• C) DNA polymerase I
• D) DNA ligase

The science of classifying organisms is called --------

• A) Taxonomy
• B) Arachnology
• C) Entomology
• D) Ornithology

Application method to spray biofertilizers are

• A) Root dipping
• B) Seed treatment
• C) All of above
• D) Soil application

Similarly, recent development has suggested that -------- could be used as antibiotics, since they ingest E.coli, Salmonella spp. and other disease causing gram-negative bacteria, without affecting the humans.

• A) Bacillus
• B) Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
• C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• D) Mycobacterium leprae

Microorganisms used in biotechnology are not

• A) Easy to culture
• B) Pathogenic
• C) All
• D) Rapidly manipulated

The type of fermentation process in which substrate is added periodically in instalments as the fermentation progresses, due to which the substratum is always at an optimal concentration called as

• A) Continuous fermentation
• B) Fed batch fermentation
• C) Submerged fermentation
• D) Batch fermentation

The gas ----------- produced causes the dough to rise when the bubbles become trapped in the bread dough, and creates the bread’s soft texture.

• A) Carbon dioxide
• B) Oxygen
• C) nitrogen
• D) ozone

Which antimicrobial product inhibits the growth of a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria, Clostridium, Bacillus, and enterococci?

• A) Nisin
• B) Sake
• C) Probiotic
• D) Prebiotic

Example of psychrophilic lactic acid bacterium include?

• A) Clostridium
• B) Vibrio
• C) LACTOBACILLUS SAKEI
• D) Bacillus

There are following class of Pattern Recognition Receptor.

• A) All of above
• B) Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
• C) RIG-1 like receptors (RLRs)
• D) Nod-like receptors (NLRs)

Which of the following is not desired characteristic of the organism to be used for industrial applications?

• A) should grow rapidly
• B) should be readily available
• C) should produce less amount of product
• D) should be non-pathogenic

Single Cell Proteins are --------- cells that are rich in protein, minerals, fats, carbohydrate and vitamins and can be used as food supplements for humans and animals.

• A) Antigenic
• B) Single
• C) Microbial
• D) None

Such synthetic novel compounds are called xenobiotics (xenos means ---------

• A) Foreign, in Latin
• B) foreign, in Greek
• C) New, In Latin
• D) New, In Greek

The association which involves the exchange of nutrients between two species is referred to as

• A) Commensalism
• B) Syntrophism
• C) antagonism
• D) Mutualism

Pakistan is the world's fourth largest producer of cotton?

• A) True
• B) False
• C)
• D)

Oilgae is an example of

• A) First generation biofuel
• B) Second generation biofuel
• C) Third generation biofuel
• D) All

During Variable volume fed batch culture, the Volume of culture is ------------- by adding same medium

• A) Decrease
• B) Increase
• C) none
• D) Remain same