A segment of bacterial DNA is carried from one bacterial cell to another by a bacteriophage. The bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and takes up bacterial DNA.

• A) All of above
• B) Transduction
• C) Transformation
• D) Conjugation

Protein recovery is sensitive to operating conditions because their function depends on the integrity of the?

• A) Primary structure
• B) Secondary structure
• C) Quaternary structure
• D) Tertiary structure

Primary treatment of sewage consists of?

• A) removal of suspended solids
• B) reduces the biochemical oxygen demand
• C) adsorb organic matter
• D) None of above

Physiological Factors involved in production of industrially important strains are ------------

• A) Morphology
• B) Shear Sensitivity
• C) All of above
• D) Metabolic by-products

The micro-organisms occurring on and in foods are divided into three groups.

• A) Bacteria, Fungi and molds
• B) Bacteria, Virus and molds.
• C) Bacteria and molds.
• D) Bacteria, yeast and molds

What are the current benefits of having foods made from genetically modified crops?They improve farm profitability and make some farmers' jobs easier.

• A) They allow farmers to greatly increase the amount of crops produced.
• B) They improve farm profitability and make some farmers' jobs easier.
• C) They improve the nutritional quality of foods.
• D) They improve convenience for consumers, e.g. by creating foods with longer shelf lives.

Microorganisms found in the human oral cavity are called as --------------

• A) oral microbiota
• B) All of above
• C) oral microflora
• D) oral microbiome

Yoshida (1973) introduced this type of fermentation for the first time for feeding the substrates to the medium as the nutrients are exhausted, so as to maintain the nutrients at an optimum level.

• A) Batch fermentation
• B) submerged fermentation
• C) Fed batch fermentation
• D) Continuous fermentation

Nisin inhibits the growth of a wide range of------------ , including Listeria, Clostridium, Bacillus, and enterococci, but is not effective against yeasts, and molds

• A) Gram negative bacteria
• B) none
• C) Streptococcus
• D) Gram positive bacteria

The study deals with the identification of plans and measures to cure diseases of human and animals which are infectious to them.

• A) microbiology
• B) Pharmacology
• C) Biotechnology
• D) Medicine

A polymer of glycan and peptides found in bacterial cell wall called as ----------.

• A) Glycoprotein
• B) Lipoprotein
• C) Peptidoglycan
• D) Glycolipid

The first stage of Vaccine production is ---------------------

• A) Improvement
• B) Purification
• C) Inactivation
• D) Formulation

Fermentation occurs in certain types of bacteria and fungi that require an oxygen-free environment to live called as ----------------

• A) none
• B) Aerobe
• C) obligate anaerobes
• D) Facultative anaerobe

Co₂ is a by-product produce during ---------------- in fermenter

• A) aerobic respiration
• B) both of above
• C) none
• D) anaerobic respiration

Deformation of a material substance in which parallel internal surfaces slide past one another.

• A) Shear stress
• B) Friction
• C) none
• D) Tensile stress

Which is true about BT toxin?

• A) BT protein exists as active protein in the Bacillus.
• B) The concerned Bacillus has antitoxins.
• C) All of above
• D) The inactive protoxin gets converted into active form inside the gut.

Neutrophiles having PH range of ?

• A) 9.0-10
• B) 6.5-7.5
• C) 1.0-2.0
• D) 7.5-8.0

Insulin produced by genetically engineering in preferable than to that obtained from animals?

• A) All
• B) Pure than animal insulin
• C) Bacteria cannot make human insulin
• D) Animal insulin is not useful for diabetics

A technique in which a strain is slowly adapted to certain growth conditions reflecting an application parameter.

• A) Both of above
• B) Adaptive evolution
• C) Directed evolution
• D) none

The hypothesis that microorganisms may transmit life from outer space to habitable bodies; or the process of such transmission is called as--------

• A) Panspermia
• B) None of these
• C) Endosymbiosis
• D) Ectosymbiosis