For the transformation in competent cells, a heat shock at _________ is given to the cells.

• A) 50 ºC
• B) 65 ºC
• C) 42 ºC
• D) 38 ºC

Why is heat shock step used in the transformation of competent cells?

• A) To facilitate DNA uptake by the cells
• B) To enhance protein expression
• C) To kill bacterial contaminants
• D) To induce cell lysis

The process of cDNA yields?

• A) One strand of DNA and one strand of RNA
• B) Double stranded DNA copy of RNA
• C) Double stranded RNA
• D) Single-stranded DNA

Which chemical component is commonly used to make cells competent for DNA uptake?

• A) Sodium hydroxide, NaOH
• B) Potassium chloride, KCl
• C) Potassium hydroxide, KOH
• D) Calcium chloride, CaCl2

The size of ideal primers for a PCR reaction is?

• A) 24-30 bp
• B) 15-20 bp
• C) 18-24 bp
• D) 10-15 bp

In which direction DNA is amplified during the PCR?

• A) 5’→3’direction
• B) Both A and B
• C) 3’→5’direction
• D) None of the above

What is the source of DNA used in DNA fingerprinting?

• A) Blood
• B) Hair
• C) Saliva
• D) All of the above

Lysis buffer used in DNA isolation is?

• A) TBE
• B) EDTA
• C) Trizol
• D) TAE

Which of these dyes we could use to visualize DNA in agarose gel?

• A) Ethidium dichloride
• B) Crytal Voilet
• C) Carmine
• D) Ethidium bromide

Trizole is an efficient method of RNA isolation, Trizole reagents promotes the:

• A) Degradation of RNases
• B) Dissociation of Proteins and nucleic acids
• C) Precipitation of RNA
• D) Deactivation of RNA

CTAB buffer is used as a?

• A) Elution buffer
• B) Transformation buffer
• C) Precipitaion buffer
• D) Lysis buffer

What is the primary purpose of preparing stock solutions in a laboratory setting?

• A) Long-term storage and ease of dilution
• B) Cost savings
• C) Immediate use in experiments
• D) Waste reduction

What determines the migration rate of DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis?

• A) Their size and charge
• B) Their function
• C) Their color
• D) Their shape

The kit method of DNA isolation can be used to extract DNA from?

• A) All of the above
• B) Blood sample
• C) Cell cultures
• D) Mamalian Tissue

To visualize the DNA in agarose gel which dye could be used?

• A) Crytal Voilet
• B) Ethidium bromide
• C) Carmine
• D) Ethidium dichloride

Trizole in RNA extraction promotes

• A) Precipitation of RNA
• B) None of the options
• C) Dissociation of Proteins and nucleic acids
• D) the degradation of RNases

What is the charge on DNA that makes it move during gel electrophoresis?

• A) Negative charge
• B) Positive charge
• C) Both positive and negative charges
• D) DNA does not have nay charge

While isolating DNA by using the commercial kit of DNA isolation, the DNA binds to?

• A) Nylon column
• B) Composite column
• C) Silica membrane column
• D) Nitrocellulose column

DNA isolation from blood is done from which cells?

• A) WBCs
• B) Platelets
• C) Neutrophils
• D) RBCs

Which wavelength is commonly used for measuring RNA concentration by Nanodrop?

• A) 230 nm
• B) 260 nm
• C) 300 nm
• D) 280 nm