Fermentation is defined as

• A) ALL of above
• B) Metabolic process that consumes sugar in the absence of oxygen.
• C) Chemical conversion of sugar into ethanol producing alcoholic drinks
• D) Producing energy by the degradation of organic nutrients anaerobically

The majority of biofuel come from food crops either sugars or oils are called ----------.

• A) none
• B) Second generation biofuel
• C) first generation biofuel
• D) Third generation biofuel

Examples of nitrogen biofertilizers are

• A) All
• B) Bacillus subtilis
• C) E.coli
• D) Azotobacteria

Solvents and enzymes are found in which of the following categories of microbial products?

• A) Alcoholic beverages
• B) Food supplements
• C) Pharmaceutical chemicals
• D) Commercially valuable chemicals

A ------ is defined as any fuel whose energy is obtained through a process of biological carbon fixation.

• A) Fuel
• B) Diesel
• C) none
• D) Biofuel

What is a genetically modified organism?

• A) An organism that has had its DNA changed by humans
• B) An organism that is not native to the area
• C) A top predator that controls the balance of the food web
• D) An organism with natural changes to its DNA through selective breeding

Example of psychrophilic lactic acid bacterium include?

• A) Vibrio
• B) Clostridium
• C) LACTOBACILLUS SAKEI
• D) Bacillus

Which of the following is not used as a Biopesticide?

• A) Bacillus thuringiensis
• B) Xanthomonas campestris
• C) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV)
• D) Trichoderma harzianum

Using worms to recycle food scraps and other organic material into a valuable soil amendment called

• A) ALL of above
• B) Backyard composting
• C) Vermicomposting
• D) Composting

Pakistan is the world's fourth largest producer of cotton?

• A) False
• B) True
• C)
• D)

Which of following is an example of genetically engineered organisms

• A) A plant that received external DNA to produce natural insecticides
• B) A plant that naturally possesses medicinal properties
• C) Seedless fruits resulting with chemical spray
• D) A new plant created as a result of mutation

In 1997, more than ------ tons of heavy oil leaked from the Russian tanker Nakhodka, which ran aground and sank in the Sea of Japan.

• A) 5000
• B) 1000
• C) 3000
• D) 2000

There are following class of Pattern Recognition Receptor.

• A) RIG-1 like receptors (RLRs)
• B) Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
• C) Nod-like receptors (NLRs)
• D) All of above

Vaccination was invented by

• A) Jenner
• B) Pasteur
• C) Koch
• D) Salk

Single Cell Proteins are --------- cells that are rich in protein, minerals, fats, carbohydrate and vitamins and can be used as food supplements for humans and animals.

• A) Antigenic
• B) Single
• C) None
• D) Microbial

The vaccines prepared through recombinant DNA technology are

• A) First generation vaccines
• B) Second generation vaccines
• C) None
• D) Third generation vaccines

--------------- is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum.

• A) tetracycline
• B) streptomycin
• C) Cyclosporin A
• D) chloramphenicol

Transgenic plants are attempts to engineer metabolic pathways for the production of tailor-made plant polymers or low molecular weight compounds?

• A) False
• B) True
• C)
• D)

In Phase III, the vaccine is given to ------- of people and tested for efficacy and safety.

• A) Million
• B) Thousand
• C) Hundred
• D) Small

The type of Fermentation in which the nutrient substratum is liquid and the organism grows inside the substratum.

• A) Solid state (substratum) fermentation
• B) Fermentation
• C) Submerged fermentation
• D) Surface fermentation