MCQ Bank

Racism is a structured social system of hierarchy based on racial prejudice and systemic inequality. In contrast, impartiality, equality, and egalitarianism promote fairness rather than hierarchical domination.

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Q161

Which of the following refers to the undesirable and unintended contamination of the environment by the manufacture or use of commodities?

A) Aeration
B) Green house effect
C) Pollution
D) Airborne toxics

AI Explanation

Pollution is defined as the undesirable and unintended contamination of the environment resulting from human manufacturing processes or the use of commodities. It introduces harmful contaminants into air, water, and soil ecosystems.

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Q162

Which of the following is TRUE regarding acid rain?

A) It is beneficial for the environment
B) Acid rain that falls on one country often has its origins in sulfur and nitrogen oxides produced in same country
C) None of the given options
D) Acid rain that falls on one country often has its origins in sulfur and nitrogen oxides produced in another country

AI Explanation

Acid rain is a transnational environmental issue where sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from industrial smokestacks travel across borders via atmospheric currents, precipitating as acid rain in neighboring countries.

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Q163

EPA stands for?

A) Energy Protection Agency
B) Environmental Protection Agency
C) Energy Protection Agreement
D) Environmental Protection Agreement

AI Explanation

EPA stands for the Environmental Protection Agency, a federal government agency established to protect human health and safeguard the natural environment. It enforces regulations regarding air, water, and land pollution.

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Q164

Internalizing external costs consistent with all except?

A) Retributive justice
B) Compensatory justice
C) Social justice
D) None of the above

AI Explanation

Internalizing external costs aligns with corrective, compensatory, and distributive justice by ensuring producers pay for damages caused, but it does not apply to retributive justice, which deals with punishing moral wrongdoers. Therefore, retributive justice is the exception among the listed forms.

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Q165

For internalization of the cost of pollution,a firm has to pay?

A) None of the above
B) Do not pay all those harmed by pollution
C) Pay half of all those harmed by pollution
D) Pay all those harmed by pollution

AI Explanation

Internalizing the cost of pollution means a firm absorbs all external costs associated with its operations, which includes paying compensation or covering the expenses of all individuals harmed by its pollution.

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Q166

Which principles explain the movement towards the equilibrium point?

A) None of the above
B) Principle of diminishing marginal utility
C) Both of the above
D) Principle of increasing marginal costs

AI Explanation

Market equilibrium is established by the interaction of supply and demand curves, driven by the principles of diminishing marginal utility (for consumers) and increasing marginal costs (for producers) working together, rather than either principle acting alone as the sole driver.

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Q167

Which of the following are caused by air pollution?

A) Decrease in agriculture yields
B) Global damage in the form of global warning
C) Destruction of ozone layer
D) All of the given options

AI Explanation

Air pollution contributes to multiple global and local environmental crises, including agricultural yield reductions, global warming via greenhouse gas emissions, and ozone depletion caused by certain airborne chemicals.

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Q168

The destruction of nature that has accompanied male
domination must be replaced with caring and nurturing of relationships with nature is known as?

A) Ethics of utility
B) Ethics of justice
C) None of the above
D) Ethics of caring

AI Explanation

The ethics of caring applied to environmental philosophy emphasizes shifting away from hierarchical domination toward nurturing, empathy, and maintaining respectful relationships with nature.

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Q169

Which of following thinkers believe that there are important connections between the domination of women and the domination of nature–patterns of thinking, which justify and perpetuate the subordination?

A) Socialist
B) Eco-feminist
C) Ecologist
D) Capitalist

AI Explanation

Eco-feminists argue that patriarchal structures create deeply ingrained patterns of thinking that simultaneously justify the domination and subordination of both women and the natural world.

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Q170

Substances that can increase mortality rates are known as?

A) None of the above
B) Agri substances
C) Toxic substances
D) Intoxic substances

AI Explanation

Toxic substances are hazardous chemical agents capable of causing severe injury, illness, or death, thereby increasing mortality rates among exposed populations. Environmental regulations aim to minimize their release into ecosystems.

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Q171

Which of the following views claims that the power of oligopolies is not as large as it appears?

A) Regulation view
B) Business view
C) Do-Nothing view
D) Antitrust view

AI Explanation

The do-nothing view (often associated with the Chicago school of economics) argues that market concentration is exaggerated and that global competitive pressures and potential competition prevent oligopolies from abusing market power.

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Q172

When there are numerous buyers and sellers, none of whom has a substantial share of the market,then such system is known as?

A) Perfect competition
B) Oligopoly
C) None of the above
D) Monopoly

AI Explanation

A perfectly competitive market structure requires a large number of independent buyers and sellers, each holding an insignificant market share so that no single participant can influence market prices.

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Q173

Which of the following causes the acid rain and global warming?

A) Pollution
B) Toxic substance
C) Airborne toxic
D) Burning fossil fuels

AI Explanation

Burning fossil fuels releases sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which cause acid rain, alongside carbon dioxide which drives global warming. These emissions are primary contributors to major atmospheric pollution challenges.

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Q174

How much pounds of plutonium waste has been produced by each nuclear reactor every year?

A) 275
B) 260
C) 255
D) 265

AI Explanation

Standard nuclear engineering and environmental assessments estimate that a typical commercial nuclear reactor generates approximately 275 pounds of plutonium-bearing radioactive waste annually.

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Q175

Conservation refers to:

A) Allocation of resources according to contribution
B) Rationing of natural resources for later use
C) Domination of women by men
D) None of the given options

AI Explanation

Conservation involves the careful management, protection, and rationing of finite natural resources to prevent exhaustion and ensure availability for future generations. It is distinct from resource allocation based on contribution or social hierarchies.

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Q176

Which of the following is the practice of “adopting resource-conserving and environmentally-friendly strategies in all stages of the value chain”?

A) Red marketing
B) Industrial marketing
C) FMCG marketing
D) Green marketing

AI Explanation

Green marketing refers to corporate strategies that integrate environmental protection and resource conservation across all stages of the product value chain, from sourcing to disposal. It focuses on sustainability and eco-friendly business practices.

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Q177

How many million tons of toxic waste is produced in the U.S. each year estimated by EPA?

A) 12
B) 15
C) 14
D) 13

AI Explanation

According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates, approximately 14 million tons of hazardous toxic waste are generated annually within the United States. This highlights the ongoing challenge of industrial waste management.

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Q178

Who should receive the benefits of pollution control?

A) Who bear the external cost
B) Who bear the internal cost
C) Firm
D) Who bear the product cost

AI Explanation

Justice requires that the benefits of pollution control flow directly to those individuals and communities who previously bore the external costs and harms of environmental contamination. This restores fairness by compensating victims of pollution.

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Q179

Which of the following view can be seen as a middle ground between the other two? Those who advocate this view do not wish to lose the economies of scale offered by large corporations, but they also wish to ensure that large firms do not harm the consumers.

A) Normative View
B) Regulation view
C) Business View
D) Antitrust View

AI Explanation

The regulation view serves as a middle ground between antitrust breakups and do-nothing policies. It seeks to preserve the efficiency and economies of scale of large corporations while establishing government oversight to protect consumer interests.