S --> A B A --> ∈ | aA B --> ∈ | bB. FIRST(S) contains ___ elements.

• A) 5
• B) 4
• C) 6
• D) 3

LALR(1) parsing reduces the size of the parsing tables by:

• A) Ignoring reduce actions.
• B) Merging states with identical cores.
• C) Limiting the number of lookahead tokens.
• D) Using an enhanced parsing algorithm.

What is the size, in bytes, typically allocated for addresses in three-address code?

• A) 1 byte
• B) 8 bytes
• C) 2 bytes
• D) 4 bytes

Compared to an LALR(1) parsing table, the size of an LR(1) parsing table is:

• A) Equal
• B) Larger
• C) Smaller
• D) Same

In YACC specification file, different sections are separated by ____________ symbol.

• A) @@
• B) &&
• C) ##
• D) %%

It is mandatory to deliver efficient target code by lowering the number of instructions in a program.

• A) False
• B) True
• C)
• D)

It is impossible to reduce the size of a large LR(1) table.

• A) True
• B) False
• C)
• D)

In attribute grammars, values used to compute synthesized attributes flow ____________ in the parse tree.

• A) Bottom-up
• B) Bottom-down
• C) Top-up
• D) Top-down

CLR(1) has become a standard for programming languages and for parser generators.

• A) False
• B) True
• C)
• D)

What does the "sizeof" operator return in C++?

• A) The size of a variable in megabytes.
• B) The size of a variable in kilobytes.
• C) The size of a variable in bits.
• D) The size of a variable in bytes.

In the context of the ad-hoc scheme for semantic analysis, which notation is adopted for specifying snippets and passing values?

• A) RE notation
• B) NFA notation
• C) BNF notation
• D) YACC notation

Which of the following attributes flows from parent nodes to child nodes in an attributed tree?

• A) Structural attributes
• B) Semantic attributes
• C) Inherited attributes
• D) Synthesized attributes

If "A → B C D" is a production, then A is a/an ____________ node of B, C and D nodes.

• A) Parent
• B) Child
• C) Sibling
• D) Kid

YACC is often used in combination with Lex, a lexical analyzer generator, to create complete language processors.

• A) True
• B) False
• C)
• D)

What consideration might influence the choice of the attribute evaluation order in the oblivious methodology?

• A) Dynamic attribute dependencies
• B) Optimization goals
• C) Syntax tree generation algorithms
• D) Attribute propagation rules

Which file extension is commonly used for YACC specification file?

• A) .bin
• B) .bnf
• C) .y
• D) .lex

LR(1) parsing table for even a simple language can be extremely large with thousands of entries.

• A) True
• B) False
• C)
• D)

Stack-machine code is also called _______________ code.

• A) Three-address
• B) Two-address
• C) Zero-address
• D) One-address

In stack-machine code, how are operands typically accessed for operations?

• A) By using index-based addressing
• B) Through explicit register allocations
• C) By pushing them onto a stack
• D) Through memory loads and stores

What is the purpose of analyzing attribute rules in the rule-based methodology of attribute grammar evaluation?

• A) To optimize the attribute computation process
• B) To generate the parse tree
• C) To establish a fixed ordering of attribute evaluation
• D) To determine the syntax of the source code