MCQ Bank

Environmental assessments indicate that roughly 30 percent of the world's water surface has become too polluted to support safe fishing or swimming. This highlights the widespread impact of industrial and municipal water pollution.

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Q141

How many percent of forests have been decreased in the world between 1980 and 1995?

A) 7 %
B) 6 %
C) 8 %
D) 5 %

AI Explanation

Global environmental data covering the period from 1980 to 1995 shows that approximately 7 percent of the world's total forest cover was lost. This deforestation contributed significantly to habitat destruction and greenhouse gas emissions.

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Q142

What is the percentage of US companies that had been involved in antitrust suits during the previous five years?

A) 12%
B) 10%
C) 11%
D) 9%

AI Explanation

Studies examining corporate legal history indicate that about 10 percent of U.S. companies had been involved in antitrust suits during the analyzed five-year period. Antitrust litigation remains an important mechanism for regulating market competition.

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Q143

Which of the following is not a feature of perfect competition?

A) Buyers and sellers can freely and immediately enter or leave the market
B) External parties regulate the price, quantity, or quality of the goods being bought and sold in the market
C) All buyers and sellers are utility maximizers
D) There are numerous buyers and sellers, none of whom has a substantial share of the market

AI Explanation

In a perfectly competitive market, prices, quantities, and qualities are determined entirely by decentralized supply and demand forces rather than external regulation. Government or external intervention characterizes regulated markets instead of pure competition.

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Q144

How many species of plant and animal inhabiting the planet?

A) None of the above
B) 2 Million
C) 3 Million
D) 1 Million

AI Explanation

Scientific estimates place the total number of described and estimated plant and animal species on Earth significantly higher, often ranging in the tens of millions or at least several million. Therefore, none of the specific low figure options accurately reflect biodiversity estimates.

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Q145

A combination of water and air that is poisoned is known as?

A) Chemical rain
B) Poisonous rain
C) Acid rain
D) None of the above

AI Explanation

Acid rain is formed when atmospheric moisture mixes with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted by human activities, creating poisoned precipitation. This environmental phenomenon causes severe damage to forests, aquatic ecosystems, and structures.

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Q146

The benefits of pollution control should flow to those who have had to bear?

A) External costs of pollution
B) Both a & b
C) None of the above
D) Internal cost of pollution

AI Explanation

Distributive and compensatory justice require that the financial and health benefits of pollution control flow directly to those individuals who bore the externalized costs and harms of pollution. Ensuring this alignment restores fairness to affected communities.

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Q147

How many views do exist in society in the face of the high degree of market concentration in oligopolistic industries?

A) Four
B) Two
C) None of the above
D) Three

AI Explanation

Discussions surrounding high market concentration in oligopolistic industries generally feature three main perspectives or views: the antitrust view, the nonintervention or Chicago school view, and the Schumpeterian or innovative competition view.

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Q148

Which one of the following is the principal Utilitarian remedy for pollution?

A) To internalize external costs of production
B) To externalize internal costs of production
C) To maximize the total social cost of production
D) To minimize the total social cost of production

AI Explanation

From a utilitarian standpoint, the principal remedy for pollution is to achieve a balance where the total social costs of pollution are minimized. This involves weighing the costs of pollution control against the social benefits of production.

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Q149

Which type of resource depletion is marked by increasing rates of usage and sudden, complete depletion within a short period of time?

A) Depletion of fossil fuels
B) Species depletion
C) Exponential depletion
D) Peaked depletion

AI Explanation

Exponential depletion describes a resource consumption pattern characterized by accelerating rates of usage over time, resulting in rapid and sudden exhaustion once reserves approach critical thresholds.

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Q150

Examples of social systems of hierarchy include all except?

A) None of the given options
B) Racism
C) Capitalism
D) Social classes

AI Explanation

Social systems of hierarchy typically involve structured inequalities of power, status, or privilege, such as racism, sexism, and social classes. Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership and market exchange rather than an inherent social hierarchy system.

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Q151

Who argues that though it is unjust to impose heavy burdens on present generations for the sake of the future?

A) John Rawls
B) None of the above
C) John Locke
D) Adam smith

AI Explanation

John Rawls addresses intergenerational justice in his theory, discussing how burdens and benefits should be fairly distributed across generations without unjustly sacrificing present welfare entirely for the distant future.

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Q152

Which of the following refers to the consumption of finite or scarce resources?

A) Ozone depletion
B) None of the above
C) Economic depletion
D) Resource depletion

AI Explanation

Resource depletion specifically refers to the consumption, exhaustion, and reduction of finite or scarce natural resources faster than they can be naturally replenished.

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Q153

Which one of the following is not a view in the face of high degree of market concentration in oligopolistic industries?

A) Do-Nothing view
B) Economy View
C) Regulation view
D) Antitrust view

AI Explanation

The standard economic and business ethics literature identifies three main views regarding oligopolistic concentration: the antitrust view, the do-nothing (or Chicago school) view, and the regulation view. The 'Economy View' is not recognized as one of these standard viewpoints.

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Q154

Internalizing external costs is also consistent with which form of justice?

A) Both a & b
B) Compensatory justice
C) Retributive
D) None of the above

AI Explanation

Internalizing external costs is primarily aligned with distributive and corrective justice principles by ensuring producers and consumers pay the full social cost of their actions. Since distributive justice is not among the options (retributive and compensatory being different forms), none of the given choices is correct.

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Q155

Group of thinkers, sees the key form of hierarchy connected to the destruction of the environment as the domination of women by men is known as?

A) None of the above
B) Eco-feminists
C) Both a & b
D) Eco-masculinity

AI Explanation

Eco-feminists argue that the domination of women by men and the domination of nature are deeply interconnected forms of oppression rooted in patriarchal hierarchies. They contend that resolving environmental crises requires dismantling these underlying systems of social domination.

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Q156

Who should bear the costs of pollution control?

A) Who cause pollution
B) None of the given options
C) Both who cause and benefited from pollution
D) Who benefited from pollution

AI Explanation

Principles of distributive and retributive justice dictate that pollution control costs should be shared by those who create the environmental harm as well as those who profited from the activities causing it. This ensures that the financial burden aligns with responsibility and benefit.

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Q157

Which of the following suggests setting up regulatory agencies and legislation to control the activities of large corporations?

A) Advocate of Antitrust view
B) Advocate of Do-Nothing view
C) Advocate of Business view
D) Advocate of Regulation view

AI Explanation

Advocates of the regulation view argue that market failures in concentrated or oligopolistic industries cannot be solved purely by trust-busting or laissez-faire approaches. Instead, they propose establishing dedicated regulatory agencies and legislation to oversee and control corporate behavior.

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Q158

What amount of airborne toxic substances (pounds) released annually into atmosphere of USA?

A) 1.4 Billion Pound
B) 3.4 Billion Pound
C) None of the above
D) 2.4 Billion pound

AI Explanation

Environmental tracking reports and data regarding toxic releases indicate that roughly 2.4 billion pounds of toxic substances are discharged annually into the atmosphere of the United States. This staggering volume underscores the scale of industrial pollution challenges.

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Q159

Internalizing the costs of pollution is problematic due to which of the following reasons?

A) Market mechanisms cannot provide cost-cutting incentives to ensure that prices reflect the true costs of production
B) When several pollutants are involved, it is impossible to discover who is being damaged by whom
C) Pollution-control devices are expensive and can even put people out of work
D) External costs should be borne by the society as a whole

AI Explanation

Internalizing the costs of pollution becomes exceedingly complex when multiple polluters and pollutants interact within an ecosystem. Tracing the exact source of damage to assign proportional costs is often practically difficult, hindering the fair implementation of market-based internalization.