Albert Günther published a book on fishes in which he recognized ____ different regions in the distribution of shore fishes.

• A) 9
• B) 8
• C) 10
• D) 7

Driven by ____ great processes – the biological process of evolution and the geological process of plate tectonics.

• A) three
• B) five
• C) two
• D) four

In the early ____ the first landscape‐ scale ecosystem was subjected to monitoring and manipulative management at Hubbard Brook, a forested mountainside in New Hampshire.

• A) 1980s
• B) 1960s
• C) 1990s
• D) 1970s

______ proposed the life forms of plants.

• A) Charles Darwin
• B) Christen Raunkiaer
• C) Julius von Sachs
• D) Robert Whitekar

Geoffroy suggested evolutionary homologies and links between such widely different animals as ________.

• A) arthropods and cephalopods
• B) mammals and cephalopods
• C) birds and cephalopods
• D) fish and cephalopods

Xerophytes tolerate ____ levels of moisture.

• A) high
• B) low
• C) moderate
• D) all

A taxon or two related taxa are found on either side of a barrier to their spread is known as _____.

• A) all
• B) dispersalism
• C) commenlism
• D) mutualism

Whch of the following country is rich in endemics?______________

• A) Newzealand
• B) Ireland
• C) Australia
• D) Pakistan

French Revolution of ____ led to a flowering of French science.

• A) 1789
• B) 1989
• C) 1689
• D) 1889

Drought can cause problems of _____ in plants in mountainous regions.

• A) death
• B) desiccation
• C) wilting
• D) degeneration

The idea of natural selection was announced by ______.

• A) Darwin
• B) Lamarck
• C) Wallace
• D) both a and b

Other than isolation what is the second major factor that influence the degree of endemism in an area?____________

• A) Stability
• B) Validity
• C) Extinction
• D) Reliability

The linked concepts of succession and climax, first developed by ________.

• A) Julius von Sachs
• B) Frederic Clements
• C) Christen Raunkiaer
• D) Henry Cowles

Arnold Ortmann published work based on the distribution of _______.

• A) zooplankton
• B) phytoplankton
• C) crustaceans
• D) plankton

_____ physiologically different types of plant that resulted from their adaptations to different levels of heat and moisture.

• A) 2
• B) 5
• C) 4
• D) 3

Philip Sclaterwas a _____ believed that all species had been created within the area in which they are found today.

• A) ornithologist
• B) paleotologist
• C) ecologist
• D) geologist

All ________ subspecies lie to the north or east of this river Congo.

• A) herring gull
• B) ostrich
• C) chimpanzee
• D) penguin

New Guinea contributes only 3% of the world’s land area, it contains some 10% of its species of ______ organism.

• A) ponds
• B) terrestrial
• C) marine
• D) freshwater

Raymond Lindemann, in ______ put forward a formal account of energy flow in nature.

• A) 1943
• B) 1945
• C) 1942
• D) 1944

_______ had noted the relationship between the area of an island and the number of species that it contains.

• A) Olof Arrhenius
• B) Frank Preston
• C) all
• D) Eugene Munroe