When constructing a questionnaire, there are few principles which must never be ignored. Which of the following is NOT one of those principles?

• A) Avoid using multiple items to measure a single construct
• B) Do not use "leading" or "loaded" questions
• C) Avoid double-barreled questions
• D) Avoid double negatives

Which of the following provides insight into the complexity of using interviews?

• A) The different semantic meanings of the language being used
• B) Accuracy, influences and language used
• C) The accuracy of the interviewee's responses
• D) Potential influence of gender or cultural differences between interviewer and interviewee

_________ is that unit about which information is collected and which provides the basis of analysis.

• A) Population
• B) Sampling unit
• C) Element
• D) Sampling frame

Quantitative data is_________.

• A) Small data
• B) Expressed in numerical form
• C) Big data
• D) Concerned with how things are expressed

Non probability sampling is used when which of the following condition fulfills?

• A) Researcher thinks that every element should be given equal chance of selection
• B) Researcher is least concerned about the generalizability of results
• C) Results should accurately represent total population
• D) Researcher needs to reduce sampling bias

A researcher wants to study the impact of average hour of study in a week on CGPA of MBA students in virtual university of Pakistan. He focused on specifically the students specialized in finance. The total of number of MBA (finance) students in VU is an example of which of the following?

• A) Population
• B) Element
• C) Sample
• D) Target population

The bivariate table derived from trivariate table is called;

• A) Correlation tables
• B) Sub table
• C) Bivariates
• D) Partials

Which of the tables is based on cross-tabulation and the cases are organized in the table on the basis of two variables at the same time?

• A) Bivariate Tables
• B) SPSS Table
• C) MINITAB Table
• D) Frequency Distribution Table

When does random assignment occur?

• A) When subjects have an equal chance to be assigned to any condition and/or group in a study
• B) When a subject can choose its group and study
• C) None of the given options
• D) When a subject cannot choose its group and study

Researchers read percentaged tables to make:

• A) Comparison
• B) Differences
• C) None of the above
• D) Relationships

_______ variable(s) should be changed at a time when conducting a single-case design.

• A) 2
• B) 4
• C) 3
• D) 1

Control in experimental research is BEST described as an attempt to:

• A) Limit threats to internal validity
• B) Increase the generalize ability of findings
• C) Equate the subjects on the treatment variable
• D) Limit threats to external validity

Which of the following describes the situation in which the control variable intervenes between the original independent variable and the dependent variables?

• A) Replication pattern
• B) Interpretation pattern
• C) Suppressor variable pattern
• D) Negative linear relationship

In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect produced by which of the following?

• A) Confounding variable
• B) Independent variable
• C) Extraneous variable
• D) Dependent variable

The group that does not receive the treatment is called;

• A) None of the given options
• B) Independent group
• C) Control group
• D) Experimental group

All of the following options are ethical issues in lab experiment EXCEPT;

• A) Debriefing the participants accurately after the experiment is over
• B) Exposing participants to physical or mental stress
• C) Using research results to disadvantage the participants
• D) Deceiving subjects by deliberately misleading them

Frequency distribution technique can be used for which of the following scales?

• A) Interval
• B) Ordinal
• C) Nominal
• D) All of the given options

In order to read a table, students should first look at;

• A) Direction
• B) Percentages
• C) Summation
• D) Variable labels

‘Making inferences pertinent to the meaning and implications of the research investigation and drawing conclusions’ is definition of;

• A) Visual representation
• B) Summary statistics
• C) Interpretation
• D) Graphical explanation

Which of the following measures of central tendency is referred as ‘the most common or frequently occurring number’?

• A) Mean
• B) Mode
• C) None of the given options
• D) Median