The disempowerment leads to feminization of poverty because it:

• A) Enhances financial independence
• B) Restricts access to economic resources
• C) Expands job opportunities
• D) Reduces wage disparities

A company hires only men for leadership positions. This is an example of:

• A) Gender equity
• B) Occupational segregation
• C) Economic mobility
• D) Social integration

The gender ideologies persist in many cultures due to:

• A) Economic equality
• B) Deeply rooted traditions
• C) Fair labor practices
• D) Gender-neutral policies

The difference between caste and class lies in:

• A) Economic size
• B) Family ties
• C) Mobility level
• D) Caste names

In an open class society, a talented poor person can:

• A) Change caste
• B) Eliminate purity
• C) Change class
• D) Avoid rituals

What is key effect of the feminization of poverty?

• A) More men become unemployed
• B) Women and their children face declining health
• C) Women gain financial independence
• D) Economic disparity between genders decreases

Which of the following phenomena is used in most of the societies to justify the universal male dominance?

• A) Gender stratification
• B) Gender discrimination
• C) Gender ideology
• D) Gender mainstreaming

A country implements policies to reduce gender-based wage gaps. This aims to address:

• A) Feminization of poverty
• B) Social exclusion
• C) Gender ideology
• D) Occupational segregation

The belief system that justifies male dominance in society is called:

• A) Gender ideology
• B) Patriarchal ideology
• C) Gender equity
• D) Social hierarchy

What best describes inequality in different societies?

• A) Cultural values
• B) Caste rigidity
• C) Ranking variation
• D) Economic balance

The sociologist who identified three bases of stratification was:

• A) Karl Marx
• B) Auguste Comte
• C) Emile Durkheim
• D) Max Weber

If a society restricts individuals from moving between social classes, it is known as:

• A) Rigid system
• B) Open system
• C) Closed system
• D) Flexible system

The occupational segregation affects women because it:

• A) Eliminates workplace discrimination
• B) Limits their access to high-paying jobs
• C) Ensures equal job opportunities
• D) Increases their economic independence

The strong caste boundaries in India reflect:

• A) Religious equality
• B) Ritual endogamy
• C) Class freedom
• D) Social openness

In a class system, individuals attain their social status primarily through:

• A) Choice
• B) Birth
• C) Religion
• D) Wealth

A ritual performed to preserve caste purity is meant to:

• A) Block outsiders
• B) Reduce income
• C) Promote class
• D) Allow pollution

A person who holds power without possessing wealth is referred to as:

• A) Automatically rich
• B) Still influential
• C) Low ranked
• D) Socially equal

The system of ranking people in a hierarchy is called:

• A) Stratification
• B) Globalization
• C) Urbanization
• D) Assimilation

The term referring to the division of jobs based on gender is:

• A) Economic marginalization
• B) Occupational segregation
• C) Feminization of labor
• D) Gender hierarchy

Stratification becomes most visible when we observe unequal access to resources such as:

• A) Random grouping
• B) Rituals only
• C) Tribal behaviour
• D) Unequal access