Complete the formula developed by Perls (1970) that expresses the word’s essence: “Now = experience = __________ = reality”.

• A) Awareness
• B) Emotions
• C) Genetic determinants
• D) Motives

All of the followings may serve as positive reinforcer, EXCEPT:

• A) Token economy
• B) Money
• C) Attention
• D) Time-out

Who among the followings is sometimes referred as a founder of the third school of Viennese psychotherapy (logotherapy)?

• A) Harry Stack Sullivan
• B) Alfred Adler
• C) Fritz Perls
• D) Victor Frankl

Transactional Analysis was formulated by which of the following person?

• A) Eric Fromm
• B) Thomas Harris
• C) Eric Berne
• D) Eric Erikson

In A-B-C Cognitive model, A stands for:

• A) Adjustment
• B) Altruism
• C) Attentive person
• D) Activating event

According to Ellis, which of the following is NOT one of the Characteristics desirable for RET counselors?

• A) Empathic
• B) Scientific
• C) Bright
• D) Telepathic

In which of the existential technique, client is instructed not to pay attention to feared object rather divert attention to more constructive activities?

• A) De-reflection
• B) Paradoxical intention
• C) Systematic desensitization
• D) Shaping

Eric Berne formulated which of the following theory?

• A) Transitional analysis
• B) Content analysis
• C) Transactional Analysis
• D) Transformation analysis

Existential counselors borrow some techniques from other models, EXCEPT:

• A) Free association
• B) Imagery exercise
• C) Goal-setting activities
• D) Awareness exercise

Ivan Pavlov is associated with which of the following school of thought?

• A) Psychoanalysis
• B) Functionalism
• C) Behaviorism
• D) Structuralism

Which of the following approach maintains that both abnormal and normal behavior is learned?

• A) Existential
• B) Gestalt
• C) Behavioral
• D) Cognitive

Which of the following therapy uses reinforcement as a tool for behavior change?

• A) Operant conditioning
• B) Psychoanalysis
• C) Systematic Desensitization
• D) Aversive conditioning

Roll May and Victor Frankl are the best known theorists of which of the following?

• A) Gestalt
• B) Behavioral
• C) Client centered
• D) Existential

Transactional Analysis focuses on all of the following major methods of understanding and predicting human behavior, EXCEPT:

• A) Structured analysis
• B) Game analysis
• C) Script analysis
• D) Conscious analysis

Who among the following emphasized on creating an atmosphere that promotes a client’s exploration of needs in order to grow?

• A) Gestalt Psychologist
• B) Cognitive Psychologist
• C) Behaviorist
• D) Psychoanalyst

Which of the following is one of the most powerful Gestalt exercises involves asking clients questions with what and how?

• A) Empty chair
• B) Logo therapy
• C) Disputing
• D) Confrontation

Which of the following is Rollo May’s most influenced book?

• A) The cause of Anxiety
• B) The Meaning of Anxiety
• C) Neurotic people of our times
• D) Psychosis and neurosis

A renowned statement “The past is no more and the future is not yet; only the now exists” was given by:

• A) Fritz Perls
• B) Sigmund Freud
• C) Karen Horney
• D) Kurt Lewin

Seeing clients’ world from his/her point of view and communicate this understanding back refers to:

• A) Secondary empathy
• B) Advanced empathy
• C) Accurate empathy
• D) Primary empathy

Joint understanding between counselor and client regarding characteristics, procedures, and parameters of counseling is called:

• A) Planning
• B) Setting
• C) Initiative
• D) Structure