In even parity check code, the value of syndrome is ______ if the number of 1s is even.

• A) 4
• B) 1
• C) 0
• D) 2

_________ is not a function of Data Link Control.

• A) Framing
• B) Flow Control
• C) Error Control
• D) Modulation

______________ is an Authentication Protocol, which is used by the PPP to authenticate passwords.

• A) LCP
• B) CHAP
• C) ICMP
• D) PAP

__________ is the process of converting digital data to digital signals.

• A) CSMA/CA
• B) CSMA/CD
• C) Line coding
• D) Segmentation

_______ is the process in which the sender adds redundant bits to the actual data bits.

• A) Framing
• B) Decapsulation
• C) Coding
• D) Encapsulation

If we need to correct a single error in an 8-bit data unit, we need to consider _________ possible error locations.

• A) 16
• B) 2
• C) 8
• D) 4

No matter whether the link is dedicated or broadcast, data link control (DLC) layer provides services between --------.

• A) Source and destination PCs
• B) Tow adjacent nodes
• C) Virtual LANs
• D) Ethernet links

If duration of noise is decreased during a transmission over noisy channel, fixed data rate of the channel will cause _______ number of bits being impacted by the noise.

• A) Zero
• B) Less
• C) More
• D) Constant

Checksum is an error-detection technique that can be applied to a message of _____ length.

• A) Exactly 32
• B) Any
• C) Exactly 4
• D) Exactly 8

In order to find Hamming distance between two pair of words, _______ logical operation is used.

• A) NAND
• B) OR
• C) AND
• D) XOR

______________are used to exchange session management and control information between connected devices.

• A) N-frames
• B) U-frames
• C) S-frames
• D) I-frames

The ______________ protocol uses both flow and error control.

• A) Stop-and-Wait
• B) TCP/IP
• C) HDLC
• D) ICMP

Which of the following is a subset of Cyclic Codes?

• A) Parity Check
• B) Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
• C) Hamming Codes
• D) Linear Block Codes

Hamming distance is important for error detection in coding as

• A) it measures the transmission speed of data.
• B) it indicates the strength of the error correction code.
• C) it measures the signal-to-noise ratio in communication.
• D) it represents the number of corrupted bits during transmission.

The purpose of block coding is _______

• A) regulating data flow
• B) adding redundancy to data in fixed-size blocks
• C) creating relationships between bits
• D) removing errors from transmitted data

The purpose of a checksum in error detection is _______

• A) to count the number of bits in a data frame
• B) to verify the integrity of transmitted data
• C) to regulate data flow between devices
• D) to add redundancy for error correction

________ is not a function of Data Link Control (DLC).

• A) Framing
• B) Error control
• C) Flow control
• D) Routing