In case of higher data rate, the number of impacted bits will be __________.

• A) Lower
• B) Normal
• C) Zero
• D) Higher

S-frames in High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) are only used to transfer __________ information.

• A) Original
• B) Control
• C) Redundant
• D) User data

The term "single-bit error" refer to _______

• A) interfering with the flow control process
• B) changing 1 bit of a data unit
• C) changing multiple bits in a data unit
• D) changing the shape of the signal

What is the primary function of a checksum in digital communication?

• A) Data compression
• B) Error detection
• C) Encryption
• D) Error correction

In Block coding scheme, number of code words is always __________ data words.

• A) Less than
• B) Greater than
• C) Same as
• D) Equal to

If the Hamming distance between sent and received code word is ______, then it shows that received data is corrupted.

• A) = 0
• B) =1
• C) ≠ 0
• D) ≠ 1

One of the most common protocols for point-to-point access is ___________________.

• A) PPP
• B) IP
• C) TCP
• D) UDP

The extra bits added with the original data for error detection/correction are called _______.

• A) Process IDs
• B) Fault bits
• C) Redundant bits
• D) Port numbers

In ______________ protocol, the sender sends one frame at a time and waits for an acknowledgment before sending the next one.

• A) Stop-and-Wait
• B) Selective-Repeat
• C) Go-Back-N
• D) Simple

___________________________ is used in the Stop-and-Wait protocol to overcome the issue of duplication.

• A) Frame sequencing
• B) Frame sequencing and Acknowledgement numbering
• C) Acknowledgement numbering
• D) Counter and Timer reset

The primary cause of unpredictable changes in bits during data transmission is _______

• A) decapsulation
• B) encryption
• C) interference
• D) framing

The message 110 sent by a source is received by a destination as 111. This is ______type of error.

• A) Single-Bit
• B) Burst
• C) Byte
• D) Multi-Bit

In Linear Block codes, _______ of two valid code words creates another valid code word.

• A) OR
• B) NOR
• C) AND
• D) XOR

The message 1110 sent by a source is received by a destination as 1011. This is ______type of error.

• A) Single-Bit
• B) Uni-Bit
• C) Hamming
• D) Burst

In Block coding we divide our message into blocks of k bits called as ____________

• A) Passwords
• B) Data words
• C) Code words
• D) Cross words

Go-Back-N protocol is one of the _______________ layer protocols, which is used to control the flow of data during the transmission.

• A) Physical
• B) Presentation
• C) Network
• D) Data link

CHAP is an Authentication Protocol, which uses ___________ process to authenticate user information.

• A) Five-way
• B) Two-way
• C) Three-way
• D) Four-way

_______ is the purpose of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) method

• A) Regulating data flow
• B) Adding redundancy for encryption
• C) Detecting and correcting errors
• D) Counting the number of bits in a frame

Stop-and-Wait protocol is used for _____________________.

• A) Flow control only
• B) Neither flow nor error control
• C) Error control only
• D) Both flow and error control

If we increase the data rate of a transmission over noisy channel, fixed noise duration will cause _______ number of bits being impacted by the noise.

• A) More
• B) Constant
• C) Less
• D) Same