Which of the following defines the amount of income left to an individual after taxes have been paid, available for spending and saving?

• A) Personal income
• B) Tax deductible income
• C) Discretionary income
• D) Disposable personal income

A drinking water company designed their bottles to be environment friendly in order to cater people who are conscious about environment friendly products. Which strategy describes best of this example?

• A) Benchmarking
• B) Product differentiation
• C) Repositioning
• D) Targeting

Distinguish from the following concepts, in which a marketer tries to change the image of competitor product in mind of target consumer with respect to your product.

• A) Market positioning
• B) Market de-positioning
• C) Market perception
• D) Market re-positioning

Which is the best description for basis of psychographic segmentation of consumer markets?

• A) User status, user rate and benefits sought
• B) Nations, regions and states
• C) Age, gender and family
• D) Social class, lifestyle and personality

Which of the following statements is true regarding positioning?

• A) Positioning issues are not important when competitors in a market appear to be very similar.
• B) Arranging for a brand to occupy a clear place relative to competing products in the minds of consumers.
• C) Positioning refers to how managers think about proposed or present brands in a market.
• D) Usually, the positions of products are related to six or seven product features that are important to product managers.

For example, let's assume your household personal income includes Rs.10000 from salaries and you are paying at the 15% tax rate. Your remaining income would then be Rs.8500 (Rs.10000 – Rs.1500) after paying taxes. The remaining income of Rs.8500 falls under which of the following categories?

• A) Disposable personal income
• B) Tax deductible income
• C) Discretionary income
• D) Personal income

The way a company decides to group customers in order to gain a competitive advantage is called:

• A) Price-level segmentation
• B) Market segmentation
• C) Positioning
• D) Customer differentiation

Niche marketing strategy is the most suitable for which of the following firms?

• A) Global firms
• B) Multinational firms
• C) Local firms
• D) International firms

Which of the following is necessary to develop on the basis of wealth, skills and power?

• A) Competitors
• B) Purchasing communities
• C) Economical classes
• D) Social classes

People with similar demographic and/or psychographic profiles may interact differently with the same product. The way marketers use this information to segment a market is known as which of the following?

• A) Geographic segmentation
• B) Behavioral segmentation
• C) Beneficial Segmentation
• D) Relationship segmentation

The democracies, dictatorships & communist dictatorships belong to which of the following economic condition variable?

• A) Economic setup
• B) Political setups
• C) Economic System
• D) Political Risk

Customers with different needs or responses to marketing activities, are categorized in which of the following way?

• A) Market targeting and segmentation
• B) Market segmentation
• C) Market targeting
• D) Market positioning

Which one of the following factors best indicates person's social class?

• A) Money
• B) Fashion
• C) Time
• D) Occupation

When doing positioning analysis, managers should remember which of the following criteria.

• A) Since positioning focuses on two or three important product dimensions, other dimensions can be ignored.
• B) Positioning focuses only on how products are distributed in a geographic
• C) The actual positioning of products in the mind of the consumer may differ from the manager's view of positioning.
• D) Positioning emphasizes consumer needs and attitudes, but not product features and brands.

Behavior variables of segmentation may include:

• A) Brand inconstancy
• B) Context for business
• C) Nationality of consumer
• D) Patterns of consumption

Shopping goods belongs to which of the following category?

• A) Individual product
• B) Consumer product
• C) Industrial product
• D) Augmented product

Identify which of the following is the demographic segmentation of business markets?

• A) Urgency, specific application and size of order
• B) Technology, user/non-user status, customer capability
• C) Industry, company size and location
• D) Buyer-seller similarity, attitudes towards risk and loyalty

Culture vise segmentation is difficult in which of the following kind of countries?

• A) All of the given options
• B) Culturally diversified country
• C) Culturally composed country
• D) Culturally rich country

In entering international markets, what is the most dangerous assumption that marketers can make?

• A) Assuming homogeneity of regional markets like Sub-Saharan Africa and South America
• B) Assuming market acceptance of new products in customized offerings
• C) Assuming viability heterogeneity of regional market
• D) Assuming instant success of marketing efforts

Who ultimately determines brand equity?

• A) The investors
• B) The employees
• C) The advertisers
• D) The consumers