True monkeys diverged into ______ groups.

• A) four
• B) five
• C) three
• D) two

Plants evolved on land in the ____ and _____ period.

• A) Cambrian
• B) Ordovician
• C) both a and b
• D) Silurian

Truly modern humans, H. sapiens, may have arisen as much as .............. and certainly by ........... in Africa.

• A) 400,000 years ago, 150,000 years ago
• B) 100,000 years ago, 120,000 years ago,
• C) 200,000 years ago, 130,000 years ago
• D) 300,000 years ago, 140,000 years ago

_____ is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.

• A) Geology
• B) Geography
• C) Biogeography
• D) Paleontology

Differentiated teeth allows mammals to improve the efficiency of their ______ systems.

• A) circulatory
• B) nervous
• C) digestive
• D) respiratory

In the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction which one of the following survived

• A) Monotremes
• B) All of the given options
• C) Placentals
• D) Marsupials

Monotremes are restricted to.......

• A) all of these
• B) Australasia
• C) Africa
• D) Sri Lanka

marsupials are included in ........subclass of mammalia.

• A) Eutheria
• B) Metatheria
• C) MONOTREMATA
• D) both A and B

Modern reefs are highly diverse, colorful frameworks of ____ together with organ pipes, sea fans and sea whips.

• A) horn
• B) brain
• C) all
• D) staghorn corals

______ provides confidence in accuracy of reconstructions of the patterns of evolutionary divergence of group.

• A) Proteins
• B) chromosomes
• C) both a and b
• D) DNA

The tracks of many _____ belonging to a wide variety of organisms, could be combined to form a generalized track that connected different regions of the world.

• A) groups
• B) regions
• C) classes
• D) taxa

A species is found on either side of the equatorial regions, but not within them is a phenomenon of _____.

• A) bipolarity
• B) hydrothermal vent
• C) endemicity
• D) all

Julius von Sachs is a _____ physiologist.

• A) reptiles
• B) birds
• C) animal
• D) plant

______ assembled Atlas of Zoogeography.

• A) William Clark
• B) all
• C) Pery Grimshaw
• D) John Bartholomew

_______ resemble individual organisms in their degree of internal organization, and may similarly behave as units in their patterns of distribution.

• A) Communities
• B) Climates
• C) Ecosystems
• D) Succession

Scottish journalist _____ published a book, Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation.

• A) Lamarck
• B) Robert Hook
• C) Robert Chambers
• D) Robert Brown

Croizat published a book named _____ based on the idea of dispersal.

• A) biogeography
• B) geography
• C) Panbiogeography
• D) ecology

The first person to realize that “similar environments, found in different regions of the world, contained different groupings of organisms is _____ law.

• A) Aristotle
• B) Charles
• C) Darwin
• D) Buffons

many of the mammals of North America, such as bears, deer, squirrels, hedgehogs and moles, were found also in _____.

• A) Alaska
• B) Eurasia
• C) America
• D) Europe

High mountain chains, expanses of water or areas of arid desert may confine a species to _____ region.

• A) different
• B) warm
• C) humid
• D) particular