What does the “positioning” process aim to do?

• A) Create a unique image in consumers’ minds
• B) Launch a new product
• C) Determine pricing
• D) Build distribution channels

During the growth stage of a product lifecycle, what strategy would a marketer likely adopt?

• A) Reduce marketing to save cost
• B) Discontinue the product
• C) Offer frequent discounts
• D) Increase market share through differentiation

A brand like Tesla promotes itself as eco-innovative. This is an example of:

• A) Product skimming
• B) Bundle promotion
• C) Brand positioning
• D) Competitive pricing

Which of the following is a challenge in Pakistan’s securities market?

• A) High rural participation
• B) Too many foreign investors
• C) Economic volatility
• D) Lack of listed companies

A textile firm lists shares on PSX (Pakistan Stock Exchange) for the first time. This is happening in the:

• A) Open-source platform
• B) Primary market
• C) Real estate market
• D) Secondary market

Why do companies use digital accounting software?

• A) For payroll management only
• B) For tax evasion
• C) For compliance and planning
• D) For website design

A halal investment avoids companies involved in alcohol and gambling. This aligns with:

• A) Western financial ethics
• B) ESG investing
• C) Venture capital principles
• D) Islamic finance principles

The marketing strategy that addresses societal issues along with profit is called:

• A) Environmental marketing
• B) Public relations
• C) Ethical marketing
• D) Societal marketing

A company needs cash to buy Eid stock and pays back in 30 days. What should it use?

• A) Mudarabah loan
• B) Trade credit
• C) Equity share
• D) Long-term bond

How does market segmentation help marketers?

• A) In minimizing innovation
• B) In customizing offerings for different groups
• C) In reducing employee turnover
• D) In standardizing global campaigns

Which of the following is an example of a direct distribution channel?

• A) E-commerce website
• B) Distributor
• C) Wholesaler
• D) Supermarket

A fitness app targets senior citizens with low-impact workouts. This is an example of:

• A) Behavioral segmentation
• B) Geographic segmentation
• C) Niche positioning
• D) Undifferentiated marketing

Which pricing model adjusts prices in real-time based on demand?

• A) Skimming
• B) Bundle pricing
• C) Dynamic pricing
• D) Psychological pricing

How does price skimming work?

• A) Low prices are set initially
• B) Prices are never changed
• C) Prices increase over time
• D) High price is set first, then gradually lowered

What role does post-purchase behavior play in marketing?

• A) It determines production volume
• B) It affects product design
• C) It replaces the need for promotion
• D) It influences future loyalty and word-of-mouth

A business uses retained profit to buy new delivery vans. This is:

• A) Internal financing
• B) External grant
• C) Government loan
• D) Debt financing

What is a key difference between the selling concept and the marketing concept?

• A) Marketing concept focuses on customer satisfaction
• B) Selling concept focuses on production efficiency
• C) Selling concept is customer-driven
• D) Marketing concept reduces costs

What does SECP stand for in Pakistan?

• A) South East Credit Partners
• B) Stock Exchange and Capital Planning
• C) Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan
• D) Securities Exchange Credit Portfolio

Why is “People” important in the 7Ps of marketing?

• A) It includes factory workers
• B) It refers to product designers
• C) It impacts service quality
• D) It ensures automation

What is the primary objective of promotion in the marketing mix?

• A) To reduce manufacturing cost
• B) To inform and persuade consumers
• C) To manage logistics
• D) To develop R&D