MCQ Bank

Human embryos typically reach the blastocyst stage about 4–5 days after fertilization and contain roughly 50–150 cells. At this stage, the embryo has differentiated into the inner cell mass and the surrounding trophoblast layer.

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Q41

In Fragile X Syndrome, there is an unusual mutation in________________

A) Chromosome 15 q 21
B) FMR-1 gene
C) Xq26
D) Chromosome 5 q 3

AI Explanation

Fragile X syndrome is caused by an unusual expansion mutation involving the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. The mutation commonly involves expansion of a CGG trinucleotide repeat, leading to loss of normal FMR1 function.

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Q42

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of epithelial ion transport caused by mutations in ____________

A) BRCA1
B) CFTR gene
C) BRCA2
D) GABA

AI Explanation

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. CFTR encodes a protein involved in chloride and other ion transport across epithelial cell membranes.

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Q43

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are _______ stem cells

A) Pluripotent
B) Multipotent
C) Unipotent
D) Totipotent

AI Explanation

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into many specialised cell types derived from the three embryonic germ layers. They are obtained from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst.

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Q44

Classical biotechnology starts from …….

A) From Mendle’s work
B) All of the given
C) With discovery of DNA
D) Since Age

AI Explanation

Classical biotechnology has its roots in ancient human practices such as fermentation, food preservation, and selective breeding. Therefore, it began long before the discovery of DNA or Mendel’s work on genetics.

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Q45

Restriction enzymes were discovered by

A) None of the given
B) Berg
C) Smith and Nathans
D) Alexander Fleming

AI Explanation

Restriction enzymes were discovered through work by Werner Arber, Hamilton Smith, and Daniel Nathans. Among the given options, Smith and Nathans is the correct choice.

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Q46

In which type of gene therapy genes or cells are modified outside the body and then transplanted back into the body?

A) Ex vivo somatic gene therapy
B) Germline gene therapy
C) In vivo somatic gene therapy
D) All of the mentioned

AI Explanation

In ex vivo somatic gene therapy, cells are removed from the patient and genetically modified outside the body. The modified cells are then transplanted back into the patient.

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Q47

Which is affected body organ during Pemphigus vulgaris, vitiligo syndrome?

A) Intestine
B) Blood
C) Brain
D) Skin

AI Explanation

Pemphigus vulgaris and vitiligo are conditions that primarily affect the skin. Pemphigus vulgaris causes blistering due to autoimmune attack on skin cell adhesion, while vitiligo causes loss of skin pigmentation.

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Q48

Which method is not used for producing transgenic animals?

A) Adenovirus mediated gene transfer
B) Embryonic stem cell -mediated transfer
C) Liposome mediated DNA transfer into cells and embryos
D) Retrovirus mediated gene transfer

AI Explanation

Transgenic animals are commonly produced using methods such as retroviral or adenoviral gene transfer and embryonic stem-cell-mediated gene transfer. Liposome-mediated DNA transfer into cells and embryos is not a standard method for producing transgenic animals.

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Q49

In medicine the transgenic animals may serve as:

A) Disease models
B) Pharmaceutical production
C) All of the given
D) Knockouts for studies related to gene function

AI Explanation

Transgenic animals have important applications in medicine as disease models and knockouts for studying gene function. They can also be engineered to produce pharmaceutical proteins, making all the listed options correct.

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Q50

Allotransplantation refers to

A) Transplantation from a different species
B) Syngeneic transplantation
C) Same individual transplantation
D) Same species transplantation

AI Explanation

Allotransplantation is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs between genetically different individuals of the same species. It differs from xenotransplantation, which involves different species.

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Q51

It has been reported that ________is basically an ideal candidate because it is a relatively simple protein and is therefore relatively easy to manipulate for genetic engineering

A) Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
B) Blood clotting factor VIII
C) Growth hormone
D) Insulin

AI Explanation

Insulin is a relatively simple protein and has been extensively studied and manipulated using genetic engineering. Recombinant DNA technology is widely used to produce human insulin for medical treatment.

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Q52

The treatment of primary immunodeficiencies depends on the

A) Antibody infusions
B) Nature of the defect
C) Stem cell transplantation
D) Long-term antibiotics

AI Explanation

Treatment of primary immunodeficiencies depends primarily on the specific immune defect and its severity. Depending on the condition, treatment may involve antibody replacement, antibiotics, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

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Q53

Reported gene ________________produces blue product when it acts on its substrate, and thus cells appear blue. It is helpful for screening, detection, and identification of the transgene containing host cell.

A) Green fluorescent protein(GFP)
B) All of the given
C) Luciferase gene
D) β-glucuronidase gene (GUS)

AI Explanation

The GUS reporter gene encodes β-glucuronidase, which can produce a blue-coloured product when it reacts with an appropriate substrate. This makes it useful for detecting and identifying cells that contain an introduced transgene.

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Q54

Tests for ____________lurking in the recipient’s blood that could cause hyperacute rejection are performed before the transplant to determine who receives a donated organ.

A) HIV
B) HBS Ag
C) HCV
D) None of the given

AI Explanation

Hyperacute rejection is primarily associated with pre-existing antibodies in the recipient against donor antigens, such as ABO blood-group or HLA antigens. HIV, HBsAg, and HCV screening is important for infection safety but does not specifically identify the antibodies responsible for hyperacute rejection.

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Q55

After DNA extraction and selection of suitable gene, the next step is _____________ in the genetic engineering process.

A) Selection of the transformed host
B) Generation of DNA fragments
C) Gene cloning
D) Gene therapy

AI Explanation

After DNA extraction and selection of the desired gene, the gene is typically cloned to produce many copies for further manipulation or expression. Gene cloning is a key step in the genetic engineering process.

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Q56

A few hundred people each year, often children, receive a lobe of a _______________from a family member.

A) Liver
B) Heart
C) Kidney
D) Lungs

AI Explanation

Living-donor liver transplantation can involve transplanting a lobe of the liver from a suitable family member. The liver has the ability to regenerate, making partial liver donation possible.

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Q57

The condition in which immunity works against itself and destroys the person’s immune system called ________________

A) Hypersensitivities
B) Autoimmunity
C) Immunodeficiency
D) All of the given

AI Explanation

Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body's own cells or tissues. This can result in autoimmune diseases and tissue damage.

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Q58

Adaptive immune responses

A) Are specific
B) Cannot be altered
C) Non specific
D) Lack memory

AI Explanation

Adaptive immune responses are highly specific to particular antigens. They also develop immunological memory, allowing faster and stronger responses upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen.

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Q59

More than 325,000 transplants were performed in the United States from 1988 through August 2004. The average number per year is now about ___________

A) 25,000
B) 20,000
C) 15,000
D) 30,000

AI Explanation

More than 325,000 transplants over the stated period correspond to an average of roughly 20,000–25,000 per year. Among the given choices, 25,000 is the intended approximate figure.