MCQ Bank

A ratio scale incorporates the properties of nominal, ordinal, and interval scales and also has an absolute zero point. This allows meaningful comparisons of both differences and ratios.

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Q41

Split half reliability reflects the correlations between ___________ of an instrument

A) All Parts
B) Two halves
C) Three halves
D) Four halves

AI Explanation

Split-half reliability assesses the correlation between two halves of the same measurement instrument. A high correlation indicates that the items consistently measure the same construct.

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Q42

__________ applies when multiple indicators converge or are associated with one another

A) Discriminant Validity
B) Construct Validity
C) Convergent Validity
D) Predictive validity

AI Explanation

Convergent validity applies when multiple indicators intended to measure the same construct are strongly associated or converge. It demonstrates that related measures are capturing a common underlying concept.

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Q43

Reliability is a _____________ condition of the test of goodness of a measure

A) None of above
B) Necessary
C) Sufficient
D) Both sufficient and necessary

AI Explanation

Reliability is a necessary condition for a good measurement instrument because inconsistent measurements cannot provide dependable results. However, reliability alone does not guarantee validity.

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Q44

If the research objective requires an extremely lengthy questionnaire, ____________ may be the only alternative

A) Collect less data
B) Personal interviews
C) Direct Meet up
D) Changing the Methodology

AI Explanation

When a questionnaire is extremely lengthy, personal interviews may be the only practical alternative. Interviewers can guide respondents through lengthy questions and help maintain completion and response quality.

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Q45

Qualitative research produces ____ data while Quantitative research produces ____ data.

A) Primary, secondary
B) Reliable, unreliable
C) Soft, hard
D) Hard, soft

AI Explanation

Qualitative research generally produces soft data, such as descriptions, meanings, and observations. Quantitative research produces hard data, which are numerical and measurable.

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Q46

_________ is a unit about which information is collected and is the basis of analysis.

A) Element
B) Parameter
C) Variable
D) Hypothesis

AI Explanation

An element is a unit about which information is collected and that forms the basis of analysis. Examples include individuals, households, organisations, or other units relevant to the study.

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Q47

The validity of an indicator is verified by comparing it with another measure of the same construct in which _______________-

A) Published data is available
B) Research is at its early stages
C) Too much Research has been conducted
D) Research has confidence

AI Explanation

The validity of an indicator can be assessed by comparing it with another established measure of the same construct. Published or previously validated data can provide an appropriate basis for this comparison.

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Q48

A ____________ is the one in which the numbers or letters assigned to objects serve as labels for identification or classification.

A) Interval Scale
B) Ordinal scales
C) Nominal scales
D) Ratio Scale

AI Explanation

Nominal scales use numbers or letters simply as labels for identification or classification. They do not imply ranking or meaningful numerical differences between categories.

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Q49

It is that unit about which information is collected and that provides the basis of analysis

A) Sampling
B) Target Population
C) Population
D) Element

AI Explanation

An element is the basic unit about which information is collected and which provides the basis for analysis. In research, elements may be individuals, organisations, households, or other units being studied.

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Q50

Self-administered questionnaires printed on paper are ______________ media

A) Non-interactive
B) Electronic interactive
C) Non- Electronic interactive media
D) None of Above

AI Explanation

Self-administered paper questionnaires do not allow direct interaction between the respondent and the medium during completion. Therefore, they are classified as non-interactive media.

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Q51

It is difficult to pin down a specific definition of ________ because it is more of an orientation toward research than a fixed set of techniques to apply.

A) Field research
B) Non-reactive research
C) Narrative research
D) Experimental research

AI Explanation

Field research is more of a general orientation toward studying people and social settings in their natural environments than a fixed set of techniques. This makes it difficult to give it one precise, universally applicable definition.

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Q52

The essential difference between descriptive and explanatory studies lies in their

A) Overall methodologies
B) Data Collection steps
C) Objectives
D) Study Plans

AI Explanation

The key difference between descriptive and explanatory studies is their objectives. Descriptive studies describe characteristics or situations, while explanatory studies seek to explain relationships and causes.

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Q53

The technique of splitting halves is the most basic method for checking ____________ when measures contain a large number of items

A) Overall structure
B) Generalized structure
C) Internal consistency
D) External consistency

AI Explanation

The split-half technique checks whether different parts of a measurement instrument produce consistent results. It is therefore a basic method for assessing internal consistency when an instrument has many items.

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Q54

Human interactive media are personal forms of ____________

A) Observation
B) Analysis
C) Dialogue
D) Communication

AI Explanation

Human interactive media involve direct interaction between people. They are therefore personal forms of communication, allowing information and responses to be exchanged between participants.

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Q55

What should be the characteristics of a good measurement in case of an instrument developed to measure things?

A) Should be an accurate indicator
B) Should be efficient to use
C) Should be easy to use
D) All of the above

AI Explanation

A good measurement instrument should accurately indicate what it is intended to measure. It should also be efficient and easy to use, making all three characteristics important.

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Q56

____________ is a form of social inquiry that focuses on the way people interpret and make sense of
the experiences and the world in which they live in.

A) Informal research
B) Quantitative research
C) Qualitative research
D) Verbal research

AI Explanation

Qualitative research focuses on how people interpret and make sense of their experiences and the world around them. It commonly uses detailed, non-numerical information such as interviews, observations, and narratives.

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Q57

Which of the following is not an ethical issue in performing lab experiments:

A) Asking demeaning questions
B) Not allowing subjects to withdraw
C) All of the given options
D) Exposing participants to physical or mental stress

AI Explanation

Asking demeaning questions, preventing participants from withdrawing, and exposing them to physical or mental stress are all ethical concerns in laboratory experiments. Therefore, all listed options represent ethical issues rather than a non-ethical issue.

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Q58

impressions, words, sentences, photos, symbols are included in ...............

A) all research types
B) qualitative research
C) quantitative research
D) no research type

AI Explanation

Impressions, words, sentences, photos, and symbols are forms of non-numerical information commonly used in qualitative research. Such material helps researchers understand meanings, experiences, and interpretations.

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Q59

_________________ are the least powerful of the four scales

A) Ratio Scale
B) Interval Scale
C) Nominal scales
D) Ordinal scales

AI Explanation

Nominal scales are the least powerful measurement scales because they only classify or label observations into categories. They do not provide ordering, equal intervals, or a meaningful zero point.