MCQ Bank

Modified protein identification can require searching through possible peptide modifications and matching them against observed spectra. An exhaustive search systematically evaluates the possible modified forms to identify the best match.

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Q41

For aligning closely related sequence which alignment method is suitable.

A) Global Alignment
B) Multiple Sequence Alignment
C) Pairwise Alignment
D) Local Alignment

AI Explanation

Global alignment is suitable for closely related sequences of similar length because it aligns the sequences across their entire lengths. It is commonly implemented using the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm.

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Q42

If L = 3 and s = TATGGTGC, then spectrum (s, L) will be ______.

A) {TAT, ATG, TGG, GGT}
B) {TAT, ATG, TGG, GGT, ATG, GGT, TGC}
C) {TAT, ATG, TGG, GGT, GTG, TGC}
D) {TAT, ATG, TGG, GGT, GTG}

AI Explanation

For L = 3, the spectrum contains every consecutive substring of length three from TATGGTGC. These are TAT, ATG, TGG, GGT, GTG, and TGC, giving option C.

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Q43

The most frequent C-terminal ions of peptide are called _____.

A) a-ions
B) b-ions
C) y-ions
D) z-ions

AI Explanation

In peptide mass spectrometry, y-ions are the characteristic C-terminal fragment ions. They retain the C-terminal portion of the peptide after fragmentation.

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Q44

In Human Genome Project ______ nucleotide's were sequenced.

A) 4 Billion
B) 2 Billion
C) 3 Billion
D) 1 Billion

AI Explanation

The Human Genome Project determined the sequence of approximately 3 billion nucleotide bases in the human genome. This reference sequence provided a foundation for studying human genes and genomic variation.

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Q45

Glutamine (GLU) is most likely to found in _____.

A) Coils
B) Turns
C) Helices
D) Beta Sheets

AI Explanation

Glutamine (Gln) has a relatively high propensity to occur in alpha helices. Its polar amide side chain can participate in hydrogen bonding that supports helical structure.

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Q46

…….. Percent of Human genome has repeated elements

A) 50
B) 80
C) 30
D) 20

AI Explanation

Approximately 50% of the human genome consists of repeated or repetitive elements. These include transposable elements and other types of repetitive DNA sequences.

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Q47

Splicesome complex contain more than …………….. proteins

A) 500
B) 100
C) 200
D) 50

AI Explanation

The spliceosome is a large RNA-protein complex involved in pre-mRNA splicing. It contains more than 100 proteins along with small nuclear RNAs and associated components.

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Q48

________ size probes will be used to identify the fragments that are needs to be sequence in sequencing by hybridization process.

A) 8 – 32 nts
B) 32 – 60 nts
C) 100 – 500 nts
D) 2 – 8 nts

AI Explanation

Sequencing by hybridization uses short oligonucleotide probes to identify DNA fragments through complementary base pairing. Probes in the range of about 8–32 nucleotides are commonly used in this approach.

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Q49

_______ determines the protein structure.

A) Amino Acid
B) Nucleotides
C) DNA
D) RNA

AI Explanation

The amino acid sequence, or primary structure, is the fundamental determinant of a protein's three-dimensional structure. The sequence influences the folding and interactions that produce the final protein structure.

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Q50

Process of program cell death is also known as _______.

A) Necrosis
B) Restoration
C) Autophagic
D) Apoptosis

AI Explanation

Programmed cell death is called apoptosis. It is a regulated process that removes damaged or unnecessary cells in multicellular organisms.

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Q51

Which statement is true for protein sequencing technology?

A) Obtaining reads is difficult and assembly of those reads is easy
B) Obtaining reads is easy and assembly of those reads is difficult
C) Obtaining reads and their assembly both is difficult
D) Obtaining reads and their assembly both is easy

AI Explanation

Modern sequencing technologies can generate large numbers of sequence reads efficiently. The major computational challenge is assembling these short, overlapping reads into the correct complete sequence.

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Q52

The building block of protein is _________.

A) RNA
B) DNA
C) Amino Acids
D) Gene

AI Explanation

Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins. They are joined together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains.

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Q53

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes fragment insert size is _______.

A) 25 kpb
B) 150 kb
C) 100 kpb
D) 50 kpb

AI Explanation

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) can accommodate relatively large DNA inserts, typically around 100–300 kb. A commonly cited BAC insert size is approximately 150 kb.

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Q54

ORFs within a single genomic sequence may overlap since there are ________ possible reading frames

A) 1
B) 6
C) 2
D) 3

AI Explanation

A double-stranded DNA sequence has six possible reading frames: three on each strand. ORFs can therefore overlap when they occur in different reading frames.

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Q55

Eukaryotic gene is called split gene because it is splitted into Exons and Introns

A) False
B) True
C)
D)

AI Explanation

Eukaryotic genes are called split genes because their coding regions (exons) are interrupted by non-coding introns. During RNA processing, introns are removed and exons are joined together.

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Q56

How many reading frames must be considered for a given double-stranded DNA sequence.

A) Three
B) Two
C) Six
D) Five

AI Explanation

A double-stranded DNA molecule has three possible reading frames on each strand. Therefore, a total of six reading frames must be considered.

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Q57

in Open Reading frames of a single genomic sequence ____ sequence are in forward direction whereas ___ sequence are in reverse direction.

A) 2,4
B) 4,2
C) 3,3
D) 5,1

AI Explanation

There are three possible reading frames in the forward direction and three in the reverse direction. Thus, a double-stranded DNA sequence has six possible reading frames in total.

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Q58

Which one is a start codon.

A) AUG
B) UAG
C) UAA
D) UGA

AI Explanation

AUG is the standard start codon and codes for methionine in the genetic code. UAG, UAA, and UGA are stop codons.

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Q59

of the human genome is so calledJunk DNA

A) 96-97%
B) 2-4%
C) 40%
D) 86.14%

AI Explanation

Only a small fraction of the human genome directly codes for proteins, while a much larger portion has historically been referred to as non-coding or 'junk' DNA. In the context of this question, the expected answer is approximately 96–97%.