The process of ________is analogous to flipping a coin.

• A) Gene mutation
• B) None of these
• C) Genetic drift
• D) Gene flow

HMS Beagle set sail on December 27, 1831 on a _____year voyage.

• A) 1 year
• B) 5 years
• C) 7 years
• D) 3 years

___________traits become less frequent in a population and eventually are eliminated.

• A) none of these
• B) Adaptive
• C) Maladaptive
• D) High- quality

__________ is measured as reproductive success.

• A) Extinction
• B) Fitness
• C) Parasitism
• D) Predation

Rare phenotype have ____________chances to survive

• A) Higher
• B) No
• C) None of these
• D) Lower

___________change is the main cause of oscillation in selection.

• A) Environmental
• B) None of these
• C) Genotypic
• D) Phenotypic

Galápagos Islands’s tortoises were quite similar to the tortoises on the mainland of_________.

• A) South Africa
• B) North America
• C) North Africa
• D) South America

Increase in frequency of the already common intermediate type occur in___________.

• A) Disruptive selection
• B) All of these
• C) Stabilizing selection
• D) Directional selection

Following are the evidences of the Darwin’s theory of natural selection EXCEPT

• A) Fossil evidences
• B) Galapagos island
• C) Geology
• D) Molecular biology

_________is measured by the number of surviving offspring left in the next generation.

• A) Reproduction
• B) None of these
• C) Competition
• D) Fitness

In some cases, ------------selection favors one phenotype at one time and another phenotype at another time.

• A) Positive frequency-dependent
• B) None of these
• C) Oscillating
• D) Negative frequency-dependent

If it does not exist, natural selection cannot operate.

• A) None of these
• B) Migration
• C) Variation
• D) Predation

________________ (1823-1913) was the Co-discoverer of theory of natural selection

• A) William Smith
• B) Lamarck
• C) Weismann
• D) Alfred Russel Wallace

Who insisted that evolutionary modification had to be adaptive for the organism?

• A) Lamarck
• B) Weizmann
• C) Alfred Wallace
• D) William Smith

It occurs when number of individuals in a population is drastically reduced due to disasters.

• A) Competition
• B) Founder Effect
• C) Variation
• D) Bottleneck effect

Variation has ____________basis.

• A) Genetic
• B) behavioral
• C) Environmental
• D) Both genetic and environmental

Bacteria are used to remove organic matter dissolved in water (ODW) in the _________process of conventional sewage treatment.

• A) None of these
• B) Secondary
• C) Primary
• D) Advanced

Lagoons are also called ___________.

• A) Septic tanks
• B) Trickling filters
• C) Stabilization ponds
• D) none of these

Gregor Mendel proposed the laws of genetics in______.

• A) 1885
• B) 1865
• C) 1875
• D) 1855

Petroleum and petroleum products are the example of___________.

• A) Non-persistent Pollutants
• B) None of the above
• C) both of the above
• D) Persistent water Pollutants