What is the opposite process of urbanization?

• A) The increase in industrialization in urban centers
• B) The transformation of villages into metropolitan cities
• C) The rapid expansion of urban populations
• D) The movement of people from cities to rural areas

Exploitation of workers by elites reflects the ideas of:

• A) Conflict theory
• B) Moral economy
• C) Class harmony
• D) Functional theory

“A social class is a group of people who stand in a common relationship to the means of production”. Whose perspective does this definition describe?

• A) Herbert Spencer
• B) Max Weber
• C) Karl Marx
• D) Margret Mead

Band and tribal societies maintain social control through all of the following EXCEPT:

• A) Lineage obligations
• B) Police departments
• C) Public opinions
• D) Age organizations

A business competes internationally by improving its products and marketing. This reflects:

• A) Competitiveness
• B) Isolation
• C) Urbanization
• D) Environmental costs

Which of the following concerning the species found in the natural environment?

• A) Ecology
• B) Natural science
• C) Environment
• D) Ideology

Which one of the following events in history is often associated with widespread acculturation?

• A) Wars
• B) Agriculture
• C) Colonization
• D) Industrialization

The primary reason societies uphold cultural boundaries is:

• A) Protection of existing values
• B) Social harmony
• C) Avoiding outside influences
• D) Economic prosperity

Police and elite force are examples of _____________.

• A) Moots
• B) Song Duets
• C) Social Intermediaries
• D) Law enforcement

A country’s economic growth leads to deforestation and loss of biodiversity. This represents:

• A) Economic revamping
• B) Urban migration
• C) Cultural exchange
• D) Environmental costs

Which one of the following is a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society?

• A) Sociology
• B) Psychology
• C) Ideology
• D) Theology

In which society are decisions often made collectively without centralized leadership?

• A) Tribe
• B) Chiefdom
• C) Kingdom
• D) State

Stratification theories are primarily concerned with explaining:

• A) Technological change
• B) Political systems
• C) Wealth inequality
• D) Urban growth

Which of the following ways does political organization affect economic systems?

• A) Ensures equality
• B) Reduces integration
• C) Controls distribution
• D) No impact on the economy

Dominating the production of a particular product is known as:

• A) Coercion
• B) Monopoly
• C) Oligopoly
• D) Hydraulic

Material cultural items more likely to diffuse than non-material ones, because:

• A) They cannot be modified
• B) They are easier to transport and adopt
• C) They are permanent in all societies
• D) They have no cultural meaning

Which type of society has the least political integration?

• A) State
• B) Tribe
• C) Chiefdom
• D) Band

Social rankings in chiefdoms influence society by:

• A) Promoting full equality.
• B) Determining power and resources.
• C) Having little impact on leadership.
• D) Removing competition.

Which term describes the process of distributing political roles in a society?

• A) Decentralization
• B) Allocation
• C) Colonization
• D) Redistribution

Chiefdoms rely on redistribution to:

• A) Demonstrate the power of the ruling class
• B) Ensure equal wealth distribution
• C) Eliminate economic disparity
• D) Avoid market-based economies