For a heat engine operating between a high temperature TH and a low temperature TC, the efficiency ɛ is given by:

• A) $ɛ = {T_H+T_C \over T_H}$
• B) $ɛ = 1+{T_C \over T_H}$
• C) $ɛ = {T_H-T_C \over T_C}$
• D) $ɛ = 1-{T_C \over T_H}$

The ratio of the size of image to the size of object:

• A) Angular magnification
• B) Resolving power
• C) Critical angle
• D) Linear magnification

The phenomena in which a material emits different colours after being exposed to a specific light color is:

• A) Fluorescence
• B) Reflection
• C) Phosphorescence
• D) Refraction

No lens is perfect because___________________.

• A) They are not cleaned with accuracy
• B) They are not perfectly spherical
• C) It is nearly impossible to polish them
• D) They suffer from aberration

Antiparticle of electron is:

• A) Neutron
• B) Photon
• C) Proton
• D) Positron

The points of constructive interference of the light are:

• A) Always bright
• B) May be bright or dark
• C) Neither bright nor dark
• D) Always dark

The formula ${Q\over t} =kA {ΔT \over L}$ allows us to determine:

• A) Amount of heat transferred over time.
• B) Thermal resistance of the material.
• C) Change in temperature due to heat transfer.
• D) Heat capacity of the material.

If the temperature in Celsius is 20°C, what would it be in Fahrenheit?

• A) 56°F
• B) 44°F
• C) 36°F
• D) 68°F

Which of the following electromagnetic radiations has photons with the greatest energy?

• A) blue light
• B) x rays
• C) yellow light
• D) radio waves

When two objects come to common temperature, the body is said to be in:

• A) Dynamic equilibrium
• B) Thermal equilibrium
• C) Rotational equilibrium
• D) Static equilibrium

A basic postulate of Einstein’s theory of relativity is:

• A) Light has both wave and particle properties
• B) Moving rods are shorter than when they are at rest
• C) The laws of physics must be the same for observers moving with uniform velocity relative to each other
• D) Moving clocks run more slowly than when they are at rest

Which color of light has the shortest wavelength in the visible spectrum?

• A) Blue
• B) Red
• C) Violet
• D) Green

What does the coefficient "α" represent, in the context of material expansion?

• A) The change in volume per unit temperature.
• B) The initial length of the rod.
• C) The change in length per unit temperature.
• D) The shape distortion of metals.

On the Centigrade scale, what do the two fixed points (0 and 100) correspond to?

• A) The freezing and boiling points of water.
• B) The volume and pressure of the gas.
• C) The absolute zero points of different gases.
• D) The two ends of the rubber tube.

Path variables in thermodynamics refer to:

• A) Process-dependent values.
• B) Internal energy-related variables.
• C) Initial and final state determinants.
• D) Heat transfer descriptors.

What does the study of statistical mechanics aim to predict?

• A) Individual molecule properties
• B) Chemical reactions
• C) Atomic behaviors
• D) Macroscopic properties from individual molecules

According to the special theory of relativity:

• A) A rod moving rapidly side ways is shorter along its length
• B) All forms of energy have mass-like properties
• C) Momentum is not conserved in high speed collisions
• D) Moving particles lose mass

If 2.5 calories of heat are used to lift a weight, how much mechanical work is done, assuming all the heat is converted into work? (Hint: 1 cal = 4.186 Joule)

• A) 5.6 J
• B) 8.36 J
• C) 10.46 J
• D) 9.14 J

How does polishing a surface affect its reflection properties?

• A) It reduces diffusiveness.
• B) It changes the color of the surface.
• C) It increases diffusiveness.
• D) It makes the surface transparent.

What is the name of the relationship between the peak wavelength for a blackbody radiator and its temperature?

• A) Snell's Law
• B) Young's Law
• C) Stefan-Boltzmann Law
• D) Wien's Law