What is internalization in the context of conformity?

• A) Adopting the group's viewpoint to reduce discomfort.
• B) Maintaining personal opinions despite social pressures.
• C) Identifying with the group's point of view and believing in it.
• D) Going along with the group without believing in their viewpoint.

In the context of stress, what is the main purpose of secondary appraisal?

• A) Weighing costs and benefits
• B) Evaluating past experiences
• C) Selecting coping behaviors
• D) Assessing potential threats

How do chronic stressors differ from cataclysmic events in terms of their impact?

• A) Cataclysmic events are more controllable than chronic stressors.
• B) Cataclysmic events have longer durations.
• C) Chronic stressors affect a larger number of people.
• D) Chronic stressors have lower intensity but longer duration.

What influences an individual's tendency to conform?

• A) Only external environmental factors.
• B) Cultural norms exclusively.
• C) Only personal free will.
• D) Both internal dispositions and situational factors.

Which of the following is considered a qualitative measurement of stress?

• A) Controllability
• B) Emotions and coping strategies
• C) Intensity
• D) Duration

What plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's response to stressful situations?

• A) Gut feeling
• B) Genetic predispositions
• C) Primary appraisal
• D) Social factors

What does attribution theory primarily seek to understand?

• A) The impact of social media on social interactions
• B) The role of genetics in behavior.
• C) How people perceive and judge others' behaviors.
• D) The influence of culture on personality.

What is the primary reason for conformity?

• A) A desire to align with prevailing standards.
• B) Inherent human disposition towards conformity.
• C) Social pressures enforcing obedience.
• D) Lack of individual autonomy.

What is the Assumed Similarity bias primarily based on?

• A) Understanding others objectively.
• B) Understanding others through cultural norms.
• C) Understanding others through our own experiences.
• D) Understanding others through their experiences.

How does the lack of control over environmental stressors affect the stress response?

• A) It mitigates the stress response.
• B) It causes stressors to become acute.
• C) It has no impact on the stress response.
• D) It exacerbates the stress response.

Which factors contribute to an individual's resilience in dealing with stress?

• A) Personality traits, social support networks, and genetic predispositions
• B) Personal beliefs, economic status, and environmental factors
• C) Physical fitness, dietary habits, and lifestyle choices
• D) Occupational status, academic achievements, and cultural background

What do customs primarily consist of?

• A) Religious beliefs.
• B) Everyday routine behavior.
• C) Social norms.
• D) Cultural values.

What is the significance of attitudes toward the source of stress?

• A) They increase the intensity of stressors.
• B) They directly cause stress.
• C) They act as filtering devices in perception of the stressor
• D) They have no impact on stress response.

Which of the following model suggests that personal dispositions and social conditions make independent causal contributions to the occurrence of pathology?

• A) Model D: Additive Burden Hypothesis
• B) Model A: Victimization Hypothesis
• C) Model F: Event Proneness Hypothesis
• D) Model B: Stress and Strain Hypothesis

How do Evans and Cohen categorize stress dimensions?

• A) Duration, intensity and number of people affected
• B) Controllability, predictability and duration
• C) Intensity, duration and rate
• D) Magnitude of required response, number of people affected and controllability

What does the concept of consistency in behavior over time suggest in attribution theory?

• A) Behavior is influenced by cultural norms.
• B) Behavior is situation-dependent.
• C) Internal factors play a significant role in behavior.
• D) External factors play a significant role in behavior.

Which factor moderates the impact of stressors by acting as filtering devices in perception?

• A) Social support
• B) Physical fitness
• C) Control
• D) Attitude toward the source of stress

Which component of culture refers to accumulated feelings and priorities individuals have about things and ideas?

• A) Behaviours.
• B) Customs.
• C) Values.
• D) Belief.

Which issue related to density aimed to address as per Recent research by Galle, Gove, and McPherson (1972)?

• A) The relationship between density and mental health conditions
• B) Correlations between population growth and environmental degradation
• C) The impact of density on crime rates in urban areas
• D) Confounding variables related to social structure in studying density

Which city in Pakistan has the highest urban population concentration in Sindh?

• A) Multan
• B) Karachi
• C) Lahore
• D) Faisalabad