Which of the following characteristics is NOT reflective of a cognitive view of learning?

• A) Humans are active learners
• B) Changes in knowledge lead to changes in behavior
• C) Reinforcement is seen as information
• D) The outcome of learning is an observable behavior

Remembering to take medicine at night before going to bed would be an example of:

• A) Procedural memory
• B) Retrospective memory
• C) Prospective memory
• D) Flashbulb memory

Which structure of the working memory model is responsible for acting as an interface between the other slave systems and the structure regulating these?

• A) Phonological loop
• B) Visuo-spatial sketchpad
• C) Rehearsal loop
• D) Episodic buffer

Who among the following pioneered the study of cognitive processes in learning by inventing experimental circumstances?

• A) Edward Tolman
• B) E. L. Thorndike
• C) Sigmund Freud
• D) Albert Bandura

BoBo doll experiment is BEST example of which of the following type of learning?

• A) Interpersonal
• B) Tactile
• C) Observational
• D) Logical

Which of the following is an example of a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule?

• A) Ali gets a piece of candy for every 15 minutes that he remains on task in class
• B) Ahmad gets a piece of candy at random times during which he is on task
• C) Shan gets a piece of candy every 15 minutes, regardless of if he is on task or not
• D) Hassan gets a piece of candy for every other homework assignment he completes

Who among the following is the founder of operant conditioning?

• A) Albert Bandura
• B) B. F. Skinner
• C) Ivan Pavlov
• D) Sigmund Freud

Which of the following scenario will involve top-down processing approach?

• A) A person arguing after an accident
• B) A person listening and signing to a song
• C) A person giving interview for a job
• D) A person travelling to a new city

The intensity of pain is determined by the amount of ______ cells activity.

• A) S
• B) T
• C) B
• D) R

Learning may be defined as a ______ change in behavior that occurs as the result of experience.

• A) Continuous
• B) Fixed
• C) Relatively consistent
• D) Sensitization

What is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if it’s the original conditioned stimulus?

• A) Spontaneous recovery
• B) Stimulus generalization
• C) Higher-order conditioning
• D) Stimulus discrimination

B.F. Skinner studied operant conditioning through the use of an operant conditioning box, which is also known as what?

• A) Conditioning cage
• B) Pavlov's box
• C) Animal house
• D) Skinner box

A student sometimes got A’s on his midterm exams last year when he used his green pen to write the exams. Now he always takes his lucky green pens to exams. How did the student’s superstitious behavior arise?

• A) Visual learning
• B) Observational learning
• C) Operant conditioning
• D) Classical conditioning

Which of the following species is 300-10000 times more sensitive to odors than humans?

• A) Cats
• B) Dogs
• C) Rats
• D) Snakes

Which of the following does NOT cause nociceptive pain?

• A) Severe Pressure
• B) Spinal Cord Injury
• C) High Temperature
• D) Chemical Burn

If a person recognizes emotional reaction by seeing the face of another person, then area of brain activated is known as:

• A) Cerebral Cortex
• B) Amygdala
• C) Fusiform Gyrus
• D) Visual Cortex

___________is carried out by receptors, neurons specialized for receiving environmental energy and transforming this energy into electricity.

• A) Activation
• B) Stimulation
• C) Conduction
• D) Transduction

If a person cannot perceive motion then it is known as:

• A) Memory Agnosia
• B) Learning Agnosia
• C) Motion Agnosia
• D) Attentional Capture

Who proposed that the gradient of flow provides information about the observer’s speed?

• A) Gibson
• B) Pavlov
• C) Wiesel
• D) Hubel

Which of the following lobe of the brain is involved in ‘where pathway’ of the vision?

• A) Temporal
• B) Frontal
• C) Occipital
• D) Parietal