The ‘modernization’ approach to development, described as the ‘dominant paradigm’ by ______________.

• A) Rogers
• B) Daniel Lerner
• C) Melkote
• D) Armstrong

These are characteristics of development journalism Except:

• A) Focus on rural (remotest) areas
• B) Views ‘development’ holistically, as ‘appealing’ to all
• C) Inclusive of hitherto unheard voices
• D) Focus on cities

Entertainment-education is a communication strategy which was originally developed in _________in the mid-1970s.

• A) Mexico
• B) Gambia
• C) Philippines
• D) Nigeria

For participatory theorists and practitioners, development communication required sensitivity to ______________.

• A) Regional diversity
• B) National diversity
• C) Civilizing diversity
• D) Cultural diversity

___________ is inherited from the BBC model.

• A) Public service broadcasting
• B) Dominant paradigm
• C) Development support communication
• D) Development communication

Clearly, both development journalism and ______________ are implicated in state-political maneuvering.

• A) Development communication
• B) Development support communication
• C) Public service broadcasting
• D) Dominant paradigm

_____________ model of communication developed during World War II according to which the mass media had “magic bullet” effects in changing attitudes and behaviors.

• A) Propaganda
• B) Circular
• C) Linear
• D) Non linear

When UNESCO was took up the debate on behalf of the Third World?

• A) 1940s
• B) 1960s
• C) 1980s
• D) 1970s

According to Agunga “___________ means a process of creating and stimulating understanding as the basis for development rather than information transmission”.

• A) Transmission
• B) Development
• C) Communication
• D) Channel

Which of the following is first phase of industrialization?

• A) 1846-1896
• B) 1796-1800
• C) 1998- 2008
• D) 1996-2007

In _________, social marketing has been extensively applied in public information campaigns that targeted a diversity of problems such as smoking, alcoholism, seat-belt use, drug abuse, eating habits, venereal diseases, littering and protection of forests.

• A) China
• B) Russia
• C) India
• D) United States

In dominant paradigm, different theories and strategies shared the premise that problems of development were basically rooted in lack of ___________and that, consequently, interventions needed to provide people with information to change behavior.

• A) Economy
• B) Power
• C) Knowledge
• D) Inventions

The current aim of _______________ is to remove constraints for a more equal and participatory society.

• A) Globalization
• B) Development communication
• C) Industrialization
• D) Political democracy

In the early ________, modernization theory was the dominant paradigm of development communication.

• A) 1980s
• B) 1960s
• C) 1050s
• D) 1970s

Who wrote: "...the most important class conflict in the poor countries of the world today is not between labour and capital”

• A) Michael Lipton
• B) William smith
• C) Johnson
• D) George gerbner

” Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system" is stated by whom?

• A) David Berlo
• B) Shanon weaver
• C) Rogers
• D) John Pavlik

The diffusion theorists consider the process of development as:

• A) Economic revolution
• B) Buying power of the people
• C) Spread of innovation
• D) Buildings and houses

The older paradigm stressed economic growth through as the key to development.

• A) Urbanization
• B) Industrialization
• C) Westernization
• D) Modernization

New Urbanism was a movement which started in the _____________.

• A) 2000
• B) 1970s
• C) 1980s
• D) 1990s

The ultimate objective of development communication is to improve opportunities for _________ and access to information.

• A) International dialogue
• B) Community dialogue
• C) National dialogue
• D) Bilateral dialogue