In R, how can you extract rows from a dataset “mtcars” where the "gear" column is equal to 3?

• A) mtcars [which(gear =3),]
• B) mtcars [which(gear < 3),]
• C) mtcars [which(gear >3),]
• D) mtcars [which(gear ==3),]

Which portion of the mtcars dataset is selected when using the command mtcars[,1]?

• A) First column of the dataset
• B) First row of the dataset
• C) All columns of the dataset
• D) Last column of the dataset

If you want to avoid writing the database name "mtcars" repeatedly while referring to its variables, which command will you use?

• A) detach
• B) load
• C) attach
• D) export

What does the "mfrow" command in R allow you to specify?

• A) The number of rows and columns for your canvas.
• B) The width of the x-axis.
• C) The color of lines in the graph.
• D) The size of data points.

What is the term used for a function developed by users to perform specific tasks in R?

• A) Custom function
• B) Standard function
• C) External function
• D) Built-in function

What is the purpose of customizing the colors of bars in a bar plot in R?

• A) To remove bars from the plot.
• B) To make the graph more colorful.
• C) To differentiate between categories.
• D) To reduce the size of the graph.

What is the primary purpose of using the "readxl" library in R?

• A) To work with aggregate functions
• B) To import Excel files for analysis
• C) To download Excel files
• D) To connect R with databases

When using square brackets to focus on specific rows and columns within a database in R, what does the command AirPassengers[4:12, 2] signify?

• A) It specifies the second column from the fourth to the twelfth row.
• B) It represents the second row from the fourth to the twelfth column.
• C) It results in the multiplication of values in the second column from the fourth to the twelfth row.
• D) It indicates an error because square brackets cannot be used .

In a simple linear regression model (One independent variable), If we change the input variable by 1 unit. How much output variable will change?

• A) by its slope
• B) no change
• C) by 1
• D) by intercept

What is the role of a for loop in R?

• A) Apply a function to each value in a dataset
• B) Store variable names
• C) Delete missing values
• D) Import data from Excel

What is the main purpose of using the if command in R?

• A) Format text in output
• B) Control subsets of data
• C) Manage missing data
• D) Define a new function

What is the output of the following code in R? x <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) y <- c(4, 5, 6, 7, 8) z <- c(x,y) mean(z)

• A) 6.0
• B) 2.6
• C) 4.5
• D) 3.0

What feature allows users to reuse previous commands in R?

• A) Space bar
• B) Up arrow key
• C) Down arrow key
• D) Ctrl + Z

Based on the plots shown below, which R code option is used to adjust the second plot horizontally? data:image/png;base64,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

• A) par(mfrow=c(1,2))
• B) par(mfrow=c(2,1))
• C) par(mfrow=c(1,1))
• D) par(mfrow=c(0,0))