Which of the following is manifested through direct force or its threat needed by a state when its degree of hegemonic leadership is low or fractured?

• A) Coercive control
• B) Consensus control
• C) Communication control
• D) Consensual control

Some cultural and political economy theories are also referred to as _________________ because they openly espouse certain values and use these values to evaluate and criticize the status quo.

• A) Systems theories
• B) Normative theories
• C) Communist theories
• D) Critical theories

Which of the following is an old label that has been revived to identify a socially critical approach which focuses primarily on the relation between the economic structure and dynamics of media industries and the ideological content of media?

• A) Political economic theory
• B) Agenda setting theory
• C) Spiral of silence theory
• D) Normative theory

According to Marx, capitalism may be able to produce goods and materialist abundance for large numbers of people but it necessarily generates __________________.

• A) Congeniality
• B) Good relations
• C) Alienation
• D) Communication

Karl Marx developed his theory in the latter part of which of the following century?

• A) 20th
• B) 17th
• C) 18th
• D) 19th

Which of the following perspective says that mass media should be interpreted as an instrument to spread and reinforce the dominant hegemony?

• A) Romanian
• B) Gramscian
• C) Marxist
• D) Freudian

According to Marx, ideological domination is the outcome of the relentless logic of the ___________________.

• A) Capitalist system
• B) Free system
• C) Democratic system
• D) Mechanical system

________________ is an essential institution in advanced capitalist societies because it is necessary to motivate people to work hard so that they can accumulate money, which is later used to buy things.

• A) Commerce industry
• B) Advertising
• C) Live stock industry
• D) Agriculture industry

Which of the following arises when individuals voluntarily assimilate the worldview of the dominant group?

• A) Coercive control:
• B) Communication control
• C) Consensus control
• D) Consensual control

Who among the following scientists gave the description of ‘one dimensional man’ to the mass consumption society founded on commerce advertising and spurious egalitarianism?

• A) Miller
• B) Gerbner
• C) Shannon
• D) Marcuse

The Frankfurt School was most closely tied to what aspect of the Marxist project?

• A) All of the given options
• B) The argument that political revolution is necessary
• C) The argument that critique of culture is necessary
• D) The argument that scientific methods can be used to determine economic laws

Which of the following believes that culture industry reflects the consolidation of commodity fetishism, the domination of exchange value and the ascendancy of state monopoly capitalism?

• A) Agenda setting
• B) Neo-marxism
• C) Frankfurt school
• D) Marxism

All of the following economic processes are said to have played a part in increasing the reach of media corporations EXCEPT:

• A) Diversification
• B) Dominance
• C) Internationalization
• D) Integration

The positive version of centrifugalism stresses modernization, freedom and mobility as the effects to be expected from media. Which of the following term defines this approach?

• A) Criticism
• B) Individualism
• C) Collectivism
• D) Functionalism

A ______________ theory raises questions and provides alternate ways of interpreting the social role of mass media.

• A) System
• B) Communist
• C) Pluralist
• D) Critical

The most important members of the ____________ were Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno but other including Herbert Marcuse and Walter Benjamin played an important role.

• A) Marxism
• B) Freudianism
• C) Frankfurt School
• D) Spiral of Silence Theory

Karl Marx used the term bourgeoisie for ______________ in his theory.

• A) Poor people
• B) Layman
• C) Minorities
• D) Capitalist

For Marx social change was explained by the struggle between competing and antagonistic forces in society that he called - following the work of another German philosopher, ________________, on the historical development of ideas - the dialectic process.

• A) Albert Einstein
• B) George Hegel
• C) Warren Weaver
• D) Claude Shannon

For Marx social change was explained by the struggle between competing and antagonistic forces in society that he called the _______________, following the work of George Hegel on the historical development of ideas.

• A) None of the given options
• B) Communication process
• C) Dialectic process
• D) Process of social change

Systems can be closed and ___________ or they can be open and dynamically balanced.

• A) Homeostatic
• B) Active
• C) Vibrant
• D) Forceful