When the group members have the freedom of decision making and have little guidance from leader and are more concerned to solve problems on their own. This style is known as:

• A) Laissez faire style
• B) Democratic style
• C) Behavioral style
• D) Autocratic style

Factors that are necessary to keep workers away from feeling dissatisfied are called:

• A) Control factors
• B) Motivator factors
• C) Hygiene factors
• D) All of the given options

Which of the following helps to identify discrepancies between what has been done and what was required to do?

• A) Feedback
• B) Instrumentality
• C) Self efficacy
• D) Valence

Which of the following theory does not focus on the need rather focuses on the outcomes?

• A) Equity theory
• B) Expectancy theory
• C) Contingency theory
• D) Theory X

According to path-goal theory, a leader's behavior is motivational to the degree that it makes employees’ needs satisfaction contingent on effective performance and providing the coaching, guidance, support, and _____ that are necessary for effective performance.

• A) Sanctions
• B) Behaviors
• C) Rewards
• D) Environmental factors

McGregor assumed that people who were lazy would normally be viewed through:

• A) Theory Y
• B) Physical Needs Theory
• C) Theory X
• D) Social Needs Theory

According to reinforcement theory, an individual would behave in a desired manner if:

• A) They set specific, difficult goals to achieve
• B) They are immediately rewarded, such as by a monthly bonus
• C) Nothing happened when they acted appropriately
• D) They are punished for doing the wrong behavior

The purpose of the______________is to get the employee think like owner by seeing their decisions impact on the financial results.

• A) Empowerment
• B) Job sharing
• C) Open book management
• D) Stock sharing plan

Theory Y assumes that people inherently:

• A) Work to satisfy hygiene factors
• B) Want to work and exercise self-direction
• C) Avoid responsibility and need to be closely controlled
• D) Need satisfaction of need to belong more than anything else

A theory that suggests that employees compare their inputs to outcomes ratio from a job to the input to outcomes ratio of relevant others is known as which of the following?

• A) Equity theory
• B) Reinforcement theory
• C) Action motivation
• D) Goal setting

Which of the following factor represent the belief that I will achieve the outcomes if I complete the certain actions?

• A) Expectancy
• B) Valence
• C) Instrumentality
• D) Performance

Mr. Ali is working in ABC Company, he takes risks and accepts challenging tasks as an opportunity and believes on moderate probability of success. This represents which of the following?

• A) Need for affiliation
• B) Need for power
• C) Need for fulfilment
• D) Need for achievement

Which 'expectancy theory linkage' explains the degree to which a student desires a good job?

• A) Input to outcome
• B) Valence
• C) Expectancy
• D) Effort to performance

According to the Michigan studies which of the following leaders were associated with higher job satisfaction and more focused on group productivity?

• A) Production oriented
• B) Initiating structure
• C) Employee oriented
• D) Consideration

In Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid Which of the following style focused on exertion of minimum efforts to get required work done and to sustain organization membership?

• A) Impoverished management
• B) Team management
• C) Task management
• D) Country club management

Which of the following best describes the steps in reinforcement process?

• A) Stimulus-Consequences-Response-Future behavior
• B) Stimulus-Response-Consequences-Future behavior
• C) Stimulus-Response-Future behavior-Consequences
• D) Response-Stimulus-Consequences-Future behavior

In Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid Which of the following style focused on needs of people and for satisfying their relationship that’s leads to pleasant atmosphere in organization?

• A) Task management
• B) Team management
• C) Impoverished management
• D) Country club management

Which of the following is the type of power a person has because of his or her position in the formal organizational hierarchy?

• A) Reward power
• B) Legitimate power
• C) Expert power
• D) Coercive power

An individual’s confidence and belief that he or she has enough capabilities to perform particular task is called:

• A) Valence
• B) Feedback
• C) Self efficacy
• D) Instrumentality

Which of the following theory states role of external factors such as rewards as they cause behavior to change or remain the same over time?

• A) Equity theory
• B) Goal setting theory
• C) Expectancy theory
• D) Reinforcement theory