MCQ Bank

Biotremology is the scientific study that focuses on the production, transmission, dispersion, and reception of mechanical vibrations transmitted through substrates by animals.

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Microbats generate ultrasound via the _________ and emit the sound through the open mouth or, much more rarely, the nose.

A) Heart
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Larynx

AI Explanation

Microbats produce high-frequency ultrasound calls using specialized structures in their larynx (voice box), which they then emit through their open mouths or nostrils for echolocation.

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Radiation arising from human activities typically accounts for about ________of public exposure.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

AI Explanation

Estimates from radiation protection authorities indicate that human-made sources of radiation typically account for roughly 20% of total public radiation exposure, with the remaining 80% coming from natural background sources.

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Radiotherapy is the use of high-energy radiation to treat _______

A) Skin Cells
B) Liver Cells
C) Cancer Cells
D) Blood Cells

AI Explanation

Radiotherapy employs controlled doses of high-energy radiation to damage the DNA of rapidly dividing malignant tissues, thereby shrinking tumors and destroying cancer cells.

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Q10

________ are neutral particles that have no electric charge.

A) Protons
B) Atoms
C) Neutrons
D) None of these

AI Explanation

Neutrons are subatomic particles located in the atomic nucleus alongside protons, characterized by having zero net electrical charge.

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Q11

EPD stands for _______

A) Electronic Personal Dosimeter
B) None of these
C) Electric Personal Dosimeter
D) Electronic Pocket Dosimeter

AI Explanation

EPD stands for Electronic Pocket Dosimeter, a small device worn by workers to monitor and display real-time accumulated personal radiation dose.

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Q12

PEM stands for ______________.

A) Personnel electric monitors
B) Pocket exit monitors
C) Personnel exit monitors
D) None of these

AI Explanation

PEM typically stands for Proton Exchange Membrane or Positron Emission Mammography in scientific contexts, making the given personnel or pocket exit monitor options incorrect.

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Q13

The _________ is suitable for the determination of the concentration of various antigens, hormones and drugs in different body fluids such as the human blood.

A) Immunoassay
B) None of these
C) Radioimmunoassay
D) Blotting

AI Explanation

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations of antigens, hormones, and drugs in biological fluids like blood using radiolabeled ligands.

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Q14

................... is widely used method for the analysis and detection of proteins.

A) Two dimensional electrophoresis
B) Spectrometry
C) Agarose gel electrophoresis
D) Spectrophotometer

AI Explanation

Two-dimensional electrophoresis is a powerful and widely used analytical technique that separates complex protein mixtures based on two different properties in successive steps.

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Q15

Natural radiation enters the human body through _______ pathways.

A) Three
B) Four
C) One
D) Two

AI Explanation

Natural background radiation typically enters the human body through two main pathways: inhalation (such as radon gas) and ingestion (via food and water).

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Q16

Some researchers have applied NIR imaging in Rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), using a ________ probe that can binds to apoptotic and necrotic cells.

A) Sugar
B) Lipid
C) Glucose
D) Peptide

AI Explanation

Researchers have utilized near-infrared (NIR) imaging with peptide probes that specifically target and bind to apoptotic and necrotic cells in rat models of acute myocardial infarction.

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Q17

_____________ refers to a diverse group of coiled-coil proteins that are involved in variety of structural components of the cell.

A) Actin filaments
B) Microtubuli
C) None of these
D) Intermediate filaments

AI Explanation

Intermediate filaments are a diverse family of cytoskeletal elements formed by coiled-coil protein subunits that provide mechanical strength and structural integrity to cells.

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Q18

_______ is the formation of a well-defined, complex structure under equilibrium conditions spontaneously from non-covalent interactions between two or more molecular components.

A) Self-assembly
B) General assembly
C) Local assembly
D) Molecular assembly

AI Explanation

Self-assembly is the spontaneous formation of complex, well-organized structures from individual molecular components driven primarily by non-covalent interactions under equilibrium conditions.

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Q19

In Isopycnic centrifugation separation of particles occurs into zones on the basis of their _________ differences, independent of time.

A) Density
B) Surface tension
C) Volume
D) Color

AI Explanation

In isopycnic centrifugation, particles migrate until they reach a position in the gradient equal to their own density, allowing separation based purely on buoyant density differences regardless of time.

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Q20

Plants emit audio acoustic emissions between _________.

A) 30–240 Hz
B) 10–240 Hz
C) 40–240 Hz
D) 20–240 Hz

AI Explanation

Plants under stress, such as drought or physical damage, have been observed to emit ultrasonic and audio acoustic emissions typically within the lower frequency range of 20 to 240 Hz.

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Q21

The speed of sound through air is about _________ meters per second.

A) 340
B) 370
C) 350
D) 360

AI Explanation

The speed of sound traveling through dry air at standard room temperature is approximately 340 meters per second.

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Q22

_________ has been part of the earth since it came into existence.

A) Natural radiation
B) Electricity
C) None of these
D) Nuclear Fission

AI Explanation

Natural background radiation, stemming from cosmic rays and primordial radionuclides in the earth's crust, has been present since the planet came into existence.

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Q23

The binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at certain synapses opens channels that admit ________ and initiate a nerve impulse or muscle contraction.

A) Na+
B) S-
C) K+
D) Mg+

AI Explanation

The binding of acetylcholine to its receptors opens ligand-gated sodium channels, allowing an influx of Na+ ions that depolarize the membrane and initiate an action potential.

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Q24

Natural radiation accounts for about _________ of the radiation doses to which we are subjected.

A) 50%
B) 90%
C) 80%
D) 70%

AI Explanation

Natural radiation sources, including radon, cosmic rays, and terrestrial gamma rays, constitute roughly 80% of the total ionizing radiation dose received by the general public.

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Q25

Mother bats eat up to ___________ insects in one night.

A) 4000
B) 5000
C) 3000
D) 4500

AI Explanation

Insectivorous mother bats have high metabolic demands during lactation and can consume up to 4,000 insects in a single night.