MCQ Bank

In PROLOG, facts are represented as predicates with their arguments inside parentheses. The relationship 'relieves' connects the object aspirin with the condition headache.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q181

"dotime" loop of LISP is similar in working to _______of Ada.

A) if-else statement
B) switch statement
C) for loop
D) while loop

AI Explanation

The LISP dotime loop is similar to a for loop in Ada because both are used for repeating a block of statements for a specified number of iterations. They provide controlled iteration based on a counter.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q182

In a PROLOG program, the names of all relationships and objects must begin with:

A) Uppercase letter
B) Dollar sign ($)
C) Lowercase letter
D) Underscore

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, atoms representing relationships and objects typically begin with lowercase letters. Uppercase letters are reserved for variables.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q183

The facts in a PROLOG program must end with:

A) Full stop (.)
B) Comma (,)
C) Colon (:)
D) Semicolon (;)

AI Explanation

Every fact and rule in a PROLOG program must end with a full stop. This marks the end of the clause for the PROLOG interpreter.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q184

The correct syntax of ‘setf’ function in LISP is:

A) (setf (get object attribute) value)
B) (setf (object value) attribute)
C) (setf (symbol attribute value) object)
D) (setf (object attribute) value)

AI Explanation

The setf function in LISP is used to assign a value to a place, such as an object's attribute. The syntax places the target location first and the value to assign second.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q185

Identify the purpose of following statement in LISP:
(setf students (make-array ‘(8 8)))

A) It creates a linear array of eight elements
B) It converts the variable ‘students’ into an array of size 8
C) It creates an array of size 8 and assigns it to variable ‘students’
D) It creates a two-dimensional array of 64 elements

AI Explanation

In LISP, (make-array '(8 8)) creates an array with two dimensions, each having size 8. Therefore, the total number of elements is 8 × 8 = 64, and it is assigned to the variable students.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q186

Consider the following PROLOG statement: brother(ahmed, _ ) In the above statement, underscore ( _ ) is known as:

A) Concatenation Operator
B) Hidden Constant
C) Variable separator
D) Anonymous variable

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, the underscore (_) represents an anonymous variable whose value is not important or used later. It can match any value without creating a named variable.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q187

Prolog has very powerful ____________mechanism.

A) Object oriented
B) Pointer arithmetic
C) Inference
D) String manipulation

AI Explanation

PROLOG has a powerful inference mechanism that allows it to derive solutions from facts and rules. This logical reasoning capability is a key feature of the language.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q188

To sort a list in PROLOG language, we need to:

A) Use the Forward Chaining mechanism
B) Tell the inference engine of PROLOG that what sorting means
C) Use Dynamic Programming Techniques
D) Write the sorting algorithm

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, programmers describe the problem and rules rather than writing step-by-step algorithms. The inference engine uses these definitions to determine how to perform operations such as sorting.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q189

The correct way to write comments in a PROLOG program is:

A) /* This is also a comment */
B) # Consider this a comment
C) % This is another comment
D) // This is a comment

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, the percent sign (%) is used to begin a single-line comment. Text following the percent sign on that line is ignored by the interpreter.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q190

In a PROLOG program, the definitions of predicate sentences or phrases are known as:

A) Inferences
B) Declarations
C) Clauses
D) Facts

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, predicate definitions are written as clauses. A clause can represent either a fact or a rule that defines relationships in the program.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q191

Array elements can be accessed by using _______ function in LISP.

A) access
B) linear-array
C) aref
D) getf

AI Explanation

In LISP, the aref function is used to access individual elements of an array. It returns the element stored at a specified index position.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q192

All the variables in PROLOG clauses/predicates are:

A) Generic
B) Global
C) Strongly typed
D) Local

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, variables appearing within clauses are local to those clauses. They do not have global scope across the entire program.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q193

Which of the following statement in LISP is used to list all properties of symbol ‘k’?

A) >(get all ‘k)
B) >(symbol-plist ‘k)
C) >(get ‘k)
D) >(obtain all ‘k)

AI Explanation

In LISP, the symbol-plist function is used to retrieve the property list of a symbol. It displays all properties associated with the specified symbol.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q194

Array indexes in LISP can be:

A) Characters
B) any discrete type
C) Floating point numbers
D) Integers

AI Explanation

LISP array indexes are normally represented using integer values. These indexes specify the position of elements within an array.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q195

While eliminating repeated elements of list in PROLOG, each element should be replaced with:

A) Previous element
B) Single copy of the same element
C) Next element
D) Blank space

AI Explanation

When removing duplicate elements from a PROLOG list, repeated occurrences are replaced by a single instance of that element. This preserves the element while eliminating redundancy.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q196

PROLOG supports the __________ programming paradigm.

A) Declarative
B) Aspect Oriented
C) Object Oriented
D) Functional

AI Explanation

PROLOG supports the declarative programming paradigm, where programmers specify facts and rules rather than describing step-by-step procedures. The system uses inference to find solutions.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q197

_________ operator in Prolog is used for List construction and also for List dismantling.

A) | (Vertical Bar)
B) : (Colon)
C) . (Full Stop)
D) ! (Sign of Exclamation)

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, the vertical bar operator is used to separate the head and tail of a list. It supports both constructing new lists and dismantling existing lists.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q198

Basic elements of a program in PROLOG are:

A) Entities and objects
B) Predicates and rules
C) Facts and figures
D) Rules and queries

AI Explanation

The basic elements of a PROLOG program are predicates and rules. Predicates define relationships, while rules describe conditions under which those relationships hold.

CS508 Final Term AI Solved

Q199

Following statement in PROLOG is considered as ______________________. "relieves(penicilline, pneumonia)"

A) Rule
B) Fact
C) Variable
D) Constant

AI Explanation

The statement relieves(penicilline, pneumonia) is a PROLOG fact because it directly states a relationship without any conditions. Facts represent known information in a knowledge base.