Which of the following theories proposes ‘Observable behavior’ as a core factor that influences learning?

• A) Constructivist
• B) Behaviorist
• C) Cognitivist
• D) Nativist

Which of the following theories believes on integration of linguistic, psychological, and sociological paradigms?

• A) Constructivism
• B) Behaviourism
• C) Genarativism
• D) Monitor Model

Focusing on reinforcement and desired behaviours of learners in a language classroom is key feature of _______ approach.

• A) behaviourist
• B) generativist
• C) congnitivist
• D) constructivist

According to Long’s interaction hypothesis, participation in conversation with __________ is necessary for L2 acquisition.

• A) native speakers
• B) Both of the given options
• C) non-native speakers
• D) None of the given options

Pienemann (1998) understands development as a process in which the development of more complex structures _____________.

• A) becomes incomplete
• B) happens gradually
• C) all of the given options
• D) is slowed down

Long proposed the Interaction Hypothesis while _______________ investigated it empirically.

• A) Pica
• B) Schmidt
• C) None of the given options
• D) Chomsky

According to Towell and Hawkins (1994), _________ research has to deal both with the learner's attempts to learn the system and the learner's attempts to learn to use the system.

• A) SLA
• B) all of the given options
• C) ELT
• D) ESP

Procedural knowledge is the performance of _______ knowledge.

• A) Formal
• B) Declarative
• C) Symbolic
• D) New

For language generation, Processability Theory (PT) relies on _________ which refers to language processing in real time.

• A) Behaviorism
• B) Levelt's Model
• C) Generativism
• D) Cognitivist approach

Universal Grammar ___________ but does not determine the language learning process.

• A) changes
• B) enhances
• C) conditions
• D) restricts

Social and psychological integration of the learner with the target language group is termed as ________.

• A) Attrition
• B) Accommodation
• C) Assimilation
• D) Acculturation

Learners exposed to SLA after the age of ________ can encounter “multiplicity of knowledge sources.”

• A) fourteen years
• B) twelve years
• C) ten years
• D) seven years

Which of the following theories supports the role of memory in language learning?

• A) Cognitivist
• B) Behaviourist
• C) Constructivist
• D) Monitor Model

According to Schmidt, learning requires ____________.

• A) L2 proficiency
• B) L1 proficiency
• C) attention and low level awareness
• D) competence and performance

Cognitivists focus on _________, including how people perceive, think, remember, learn, solve problems, and direct their attention to one stimulus rather than another.

• A) L2 learning
• B) behavior patterns
• C) L1 acquisition
• D) mental processes

Towell and Hawkins’ model of SLA attempts to _______ internal UG-derived hypothesis concerning the mechanism that functions during the processes of language learning.

• A) recycle
• B) reconcile
• C) reinvigorate
• D) speed up

Pica has ___________the IH by emphasizing the importance of the social relationship between participants as a determinant of interactional modifications.

• A) debilitated
• B) extended
• C) delimited
• D) transformed

Which of the following theories do not support the role of memory in language learning?

• A) All of the given options
• B) Behaviourist
• C) Constructivist
• D) Monitor Model

Which of the following theories asserts that much of the capacity for language learning in humans is ‘innate’?

• A) Behaviorist
• B) Cognitivist
• C) Nativist
• D) Constructivist

According to Behaviorism, learners are a ____________ who learn through stimuli and response.

• A) single class
• B) commodity
• C) blank slate
• D) all of the given options