How is the depth of a tree defined?

• A) The number of top nodes in the tree
• B) The number of only first horizontal layer within the tree
• C) The number of only leaf nodes in the tree
• D) The number of nodes from root to leaf in the tree

In a tree structure, what is the top node called?

• A) Parent node
• B) Terminal node
• C) Leaf node
• D) Root node

An object-oriented database consists of objects linked to each other to reflect their __________.

• A) attributes
• B) relationships
• C) sizes
• D) colors

The process used by the DBMS to undo activities performed by an incomplete transaction is termed ______.

• A) rewind
• B) rollback
• C) revert
• D) restore

In the context of data structures, what is the primary use of pointers?

• A) To record the location of data items
• B) To serve as a counter in loops
• C) To store string data type
• D) To delete instructions

Operations that are only partially completed in commercial systems might lead to ___________ information in the database.

• A) Valid
• B) Incomplete
• C) Verified
• D) Accurate

Shared access to a data item means that ___________.

• A) Multiple transactions can modify the data
• B) Only one transaction can modify the data
• C) Only one transaction can view the data
• D) Multiple transactions can view the data

The PROJECT operation allows extraction of columns and places the result in a __________.

• A) New row
• B) Existing column
• C) New relation
• D) Matrix

The end of a list is called the _________.

• A) bob
• B) tail
• C) head
• D) devon

Shared access to a data item is allowed if the item is ___________.

• A) Locked with an exclusive lock
• B) Exclusively accessed by one transaction
• C) Locked with a shared lock only
• D) Unlocked or locked with a shared lock

What is the beginning of a list called?

• A) Tail
• B) Base
• C) Head
• D) Top

Large, multiuser, commercial database systems have __________ stakes compared to personal use systems.

• A) Higher
• B) Identical
• C) Lower
• D) Comparable

The following statement extracts __________ from the EMPLOYEE relation. MAIL <- PROJECT Name, Address from EMPLOYEE

• A) Phone numbers
• B) Names and Addresses
• C) Addresses only
• D) Names only

A subschema pertains to ______.

• A) a particular user's needs
• B) primary records
• C) external information
• D) the entire database

When using PROJECT, if multiple columns are required, they are specified __________.

• A) Separately
• B) Using a comma
• C) Using brackets
• D) Using quotation marks

How do we refer to nodes that have the same parent in a tree?

• A) Descendants
• B) Children
• C) Ancestors
• D) Siblings

In the case of ________that are subject to heavy transaction loads, it is highly likely that a random snapshot will find the database in the middle of some transaction.

• A) object oriented programming
• B) large databases
• C) web development
• D) small database

_________ is used to combine different relations into one relation.

• A) COMBINE
• B) JOIN
• C) PROJECT
• D) SELECT

Retrieving an employee's job history in an object-oriented database involves asking the __________ to report its job history.

• A) employee object
• B) DBMS
• C) manager
• D) network

_________ is exemplified by two transactions, each of which makes a deduction from the same account.

• A) Potential problem
• B) Time sharing
• C) Lost update problem
• D) Incorrect summary problem