The format in which information is displayed by spreadsheet programs is similar to the format used in the ________.

• A) Hierarchical model
• B) Network model
• C) Object-oriented model
• D) Relational model

The PROJECT operation allows extraction of columns and places the result in a __________.

• A) Matrix
• B) New row
• C) New relation
• D) Existing column

Today, database technology, combined with _________ techniques,

• A) data mining
• B) Sentiment analysis
• C) text mining
• D) opening mining

What could best describe the application of a one-dimensional array with 26 elements?

• A) Tracking alphabet letter occurrences
• B) Representing monthly sales and profit
• C) Managing skill ratings and reviews of employee data
• D) Storing student data

The following statement extracts __________ from the EMPLOYEE relation. MAIL <- PROJECT Name, Address from EMPLOYEE

• A) Names and Addresses
• B) Addresses only
• C) Names only
• D) Phone numbers

To retrieve information about an employee, we perform ______ operation on the EMPLOYEE relation.

• A) SELECT
• B) UPDATE
• C) INSERT
• D) DELETE

In the context of data structures, what is the primary use of pointers?

• A) To serve as a counter in loops
• B) To record the location of data items
• C) To delete instructions
• D) To store string data type

A typical database application involves two major layers: the application layer and the __________ management layer.

• A) user
• B) database
• C) data
• D) schema

What does a tree structure's hierarchical organization resemble?

• A) Array
• B) Graph
• C) Organization chart
• D) Stack

In a tree structure, what is the top node called?

• A) Parent node
• B) Terminal node
• C) Leaf node
• D) Root node

Changes in the database schema for a single user involve modifying the overall schema and the subschemas of __________ users involved in the change.

• A) other
• B) all
• C) selected
• D) new

Why is a stack considered a LIFO structure?

• A) Entries are removed in the reverse order of storage
• B) Entries are removed from the base
• C) Entries are removed from the middle
• D) Entries are removed in the order they were stored

The problem known as the ____________ can arise if one transaction is in the middle of transferring funds from one account to another when another transaction tries to compute the total deposits in the bank.

• A) potential problem
• B) incorrect summary problem
• C) time sharing
• D) lost update problem

How does a program counter function as a pointer?

• A) It holds the address of the next instruction
• B) It updates the value of data items
• C) It stores numeric values
• D) It decode data in memory cells

Large, multiuser, commercial database systems have __________ stakes compared to personal use systems.

• A) Higher
• B) Lower
• C) Identical
• D) Comparable

_________ is exemplified by two transactions, each of which makes a deduction from the same account.

• A) Potential problem
• B) Lost update problem
• C) Time sharing
• D) Incorrect summary problem

Object-oriented databases allow the entire software system to be designed in the __________ paradigm.

• A) object-oriented
• B) imperative
• C) procedural
• D) relational

Shared access to a data item means that ___________.

• A) Multiple transactions can view the data
• B) Only one transaction can modify the data
• C) Multiple transactions can modify the data
• D) Only one transaction can view the data

Retrieving a list of job titles in a specific department involves selecting tuples based on the __________ attribute.

• A) Department
• B) Employee ID
• C) Job title
• D) Relation

The relational model portrays data as being stored in tables called ________.

• A) Relations
• B) Graphs
• C) Entities
• D) Records