The first step in development of theoretical framework is:

• A) to make an inventory of variables
• B)
• C)
• D)

Which of the following is not something a researcher will have to consider when thinking about their sample size?

• A) Heterogeneity of population.
• B) Time and cost.
• C) Homogeneity of population.
• D) Length of questionnaire.

If the researchers use findings to generate theories and models to understand human behavior at societal level, which of the following levels it relates?

• A) Macro level
• B)
• C)
• D)

Which of the following is/are principle(s) of questionnaire construction?

• A) Avoid double-barreled questions
• B) Use multiple items to measure abstract constructs
• C) All of the given options
• D) Consider using multiple methods when measuring abstract constructs

How do the scientific method maintain ethical and ideological neutrality?

• A) By ensuring conclusions are based solely on objective data
• B)
• C)
• D)

If groups of participants are selected to represent sub-groups in the population (e.g. such as selecting an entire class of management students to be compared to a group of economics students), this is known as…

• A) Simple random sampling
• B) Opportunity sampling
• C) Cluster sampling
• D) Haphazard sampling

A statement about an expected relationship between variables, or an explanation of an occurrence, that is clear, specific, testable, and falsifiable.

• A) Hypothesis
• B)
• C)
• D)

“Willingness of the respondents to co-operate” is a part of __________ aspect which needs to be evaluated during pilot testing.

• A) Discovering errors in the instrument
• B) Staffing and activities of research team can be checked
• C) Sampling procedure can be checked
• D) Reactions of Respondents

The independent variable is:

• A) the variable manipulated in order to observe its effects
• B)
• C)
• D)

If an interview is conducted with a respondent who does not meet the qualifications for a study, what kind of bias has occurred?

• A) Instrument bias
• B) Position bias
• C) Respondent bias
• D) Non-response bias

"Higher the level of job satisfaction, higher will be the employees' performance." Which type of relationship the movement of variables determines?

• A) Positive relationship
• B)
• C)
• D)

In___________ sampling techniques, the researcher asks the participants to identify other potential research participants.

• A) Purposive
• B) Quota
• C) Convenience
• D) Snowball

While conducting a literature review, the researcher engage in:

• A) An evaluation of the literature
• B)
• C)
• D)

A collection of related records is called ______________.

• A) Data
• B) Information
• C) File
• D) Knowledge

An investigation into the ways of improvement of quality of customer services within the hospitality sector in Pakistan is an example of:

• A) Exploratory research
• B)
• C)
• D)

Which of the following is one of the advantages of personal interviewing?

• A) Availability of highly trained interviewers
• B) None of the given options
• C) Callbacks
• D) The oppurtunity for feedback

Which of the following options can be a reason to conduct research?

• A) To generate theories
• B)
• C)
• D)

The
incidence of refusal in mall intercept interviews is _______________.

• A) Low
• B) High
• C) Moderate
• D) Nil

To measure the impact of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty is an example of which of the following options?

• A) Explanatory research
• B)
• C)
• D)

The faculty members of a university consist of 85% staff with masters as highest qualification. Rest of 15% can be divided as 10% M.phill, 4% Phd. And 1% post doctorate as highest qualification. A researcher wants the sample of each category in a proportion as given above. Which of the following is the best choice for him to take sample?

• A) Convenience sampling
• B) Snowball sampling
• C) Quota sampling
• D) Simple random sampling