---------------of the immunoglobulin are responsible for the determination of specificity of immunoglobulin.

• A) Variable regions
• B) Constant regions
• C) Heavy chain
• D) Joining regions

IL-12 is produced by dendritic cells & macrophages which enhance the cytolytic activity of ……………………

• A) cytotoxic T-cells
• B) NK cells
• C) T helper cells
• D) phagocytic cells

The portion of.......... that combines with products of immune system is called epitope.

• A) antigenic determinant
• B) antibody
• C) antigen
• D) Adjuvant

Artificial passive immunization is transferred by injecting specific ……………………… from other individual or from other immune animals.

• A) alpha-globulins
• B) mu-globulins
• C) gamma-globulins
• D) delta-globulins

Super-antigens have the ability to activate ............ of T-cells polyclonally.

• A) 25%
• B) 10%
• C) 5%
• D) 50%

These all are true for vaccination EXCEPT ………………………

• A) Immunization against intracellular pathogen by humoral immunity
• B) Neutralization of specific pathogens
• C) Stimulation of organism’s immune system
• D) Ways of providing specific protection

The primary and secondary antibody response are same in case of...............

• A) T-dependent antigens
• B) T-independent antigens
• C) primary injection of antigens
• D) secondary injection of antigens

Chemotaxsis is the movement of circulating ……………… to the site of infection.

• A) B-cells
• B) immunoglobulin
• C) phagocytes
• D) Natural killer cells

Kappa and lambdaarethe types of.......... of antibodies.

• A) Heavy chain
• B) Variable region
• C) Light chains
• D) Constant region

PRRs recognize various molecular patterns on the surface of pathogens which are called as pattern associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Which of the following is not a PAMP molecule?

• A) Antibodies
• B) Lipopolysacchrides
• C) Cell wall component
• D) Flagellins

neare the proteinsthat bind with iron and deprive bacteria from iron.

• A) Lactoferrin and interferon
• B) Transferrin and interferon
• C) Interleukin and lactoferrin
• D) Lactoferrin and transferrin

These all are example of live attenuated vaccine EXCEPT …………………

• A) Smallpox
• B) Hepatitis A Virus
• C) Rabies
• D) Measles

The substrate of horseradish peroxidase is..............

• A) O-
• B) O2
• C) H2O
• D) H2O2

Th1 cells release cytokine like IFNγ upon activation which is inhibitory for ……………

• A) Th2 cells
• B) macrophages
• C) CTL
• D) mast cells

Following route of administration of vaccine is considered as appropriate in term of optimum immune response

• A) sub-cutaneous
• B) Intravenous
• C) Gastric
• D) Intramuscular

The adverse effect of Rubella vaccination could be ………………….

• A) Malaise
• B) Neurological disorder
• C) Fever
• D) Joint pain

The principles of hybridoma formation include all of the following EXCEPT...................

• A) Injection of mice with an antigen
• B) Fusion of lymphocyte with Myeloma cell
• C) Isolation of T-lymphocyte from spleen of mice
• D) Selection hybridoma cell

Th2 cells upon activation secrete cytokines like IL-4 and IL-5 which activate …………………

• A) CTL
• B) B-cells
• C) APC
• D) Macrophages

The process of engulfing the invading orinfectious agent by phagocytes is known as......

• A) Lysosomal Lysis
• B) Engulfolysis
• C) Phagocytosis
• D) Parthenogenesis

These all statements are true for tolerance EXCEPT ………….

• A) Can be against non-self antigens
• B) Tolerance to tissue and cell antigens can not be induced artificially
• C) Modification of antigens lead towards tolerance
• D) Specific Immunological unresponsiveness