Which of the following control techniques that is available to researcher, controls for both known and unknown variables?

• A) Matching
• B) Random assignment
• C) Analysis of covariance
• D) Building the extraneous variable into the design

When a variable is so closely associated with the independent variable that we do not know which one is producing the experimental effect, the variable is:

• A) Manipulated
• B) Confounded
• C) Unspecified
• D) Uncontrolled

Which of the following is the process of marking segments of data with symbols, descriptive words or category?

• A) Concurring
• B) Coloring
• C) Segmenting
• D) Coding

The purpose of experimental research is to allow the researcher to control the research situation to evaluate which type of relationship?

• A) Causal relationship
• B) Multivariate relationship
• C) Linear relationship
• D) Correlationship

____________ is a measure of association tested for its genuineness by controlling the third variable.

• A) Statistical control.
• B) Multiple regressions.
• C) None of the above.
• D) Trivariate tables.

What is the purpose of a control group?

• A) Make the experiment easier to analyze
• B) Show the value of the dependent variable when the independent variable is not being manipulated
• C) To control all variables
• D) To be able to better evaluate the effect of the independent variable

Which of the following occurs when one partial replicate the initial bivariate relationship but other partials do not?

• A) Specification pattern
• B) Suppressor variable pattern
• C) Replication pattern
• D) Negative linear relationship

In frequency tables total of columns and rows are called:

• A) Marginal
• B) Area of table
• C) Cell of table
• D) Body of table

Which of the following experimental designs has only one group, a pretest, a treatment, and a posttest?

• A) One-shot case study Design
• B) Pretest and Posttest Experimental and Control Group Design
• C) None of the given options
• D) One Group Pretest-posttest Design

Which of the following experimental designs has two groups, both the groups are exposed to pretest and posttest, the experimental group is exposed to treatment while the control group is not?

• A) Two Groups Posttest-only Design
• B) Solomon’s Four Group Design
• C) Pretest and Posttest Experimental and Control Group Design
• D) Classical Experimental Design

Which of the following is more operational with the help of coding system?

• A) Count Behaviors
• B) Time Duration
• C) External Appearance
• D) Content analysis

In quasi-experimental research designs, causal interpretations can be made _______.

• A) Only when there is a single participant in the experiment
• B) Only when rival explanations have been shown to be implausible
• C) Only when the participants have been randomly selected
• D) Only when rival explanations have been shown to be plausible

Which of the following options is first step to conduct an experiment?

• A) Develop valid and reliable measure
• B) Locate appropriate subjects
• C) Develop a hypothesis
• D) Choose an experimental design

Easiest way to describe the numerical data of one variable is with a:

• A) Frequency distribution.
• B) Cumulative percentage distribution table.
• C) Bar charts.
• D) Pie chart.

Which of the following experimental designs has only one group, a treatment, and a posttest?

• A) Two Groups Posttest-only Design
• B) None of the given options
• C) One Group Pretest-posttest Design
• D) One-shot case study Design

All of the given options are factors affecting internal validity of an experiment EXCEPT;

• A) Maturation Effect
• B) Testing Effect
• C) Recency effect
• D) History Effect

Which of the following can be referred as semantic analysis?

• A) Count Behaviors
• B) Latent Coding
• C) Accretion
• D) Intensity

Testing is most likely to negatively affect internal validity when_______.

• A) The information tested is attitudinal in nature
• B) The participants are very low scorers
• C) The instrument is unreliable
• D) The time between pre- and posttest is short

Which of the following is an example of an issue that would be checked in a pilot testing?

• A) Completion of all questions on a questionnaire
• B) Single responses to all multiple choice questions
• C) Legible writing
• D) Logical answers between questions (i.e., attributes should be rated high if purchase interest is high)

Causal research answers which of the following types of question:

• A) What
• B) Where
• C) Who
• D) Why