___________ theory proposed that child development is dependent on his/her interaction with more expert adults and his/her culture.

• A) Socio-cultural
• B)
• C)
• D)

In _____________ processing, individual is able to notice different parts of sensations and then making whole of it.

• A) Bottom right
• B) Bottom up
• C) Bottom left
• D) Bottom down

Psychologist treat phobias by using learning.

• A) Enactive
• B)
• C)
• D)

Asma, 4th grade student always completes her work in time. Her teacher always pats on her shoulder after checking her work. Identify the positive reinforcer in this situation.

• A) Checking her work
• B) Smile of the teacher
• C) Pat on shoulder
• D) Completion of tasks

__________ is defined as values, norms, and traditions that guide and determine the behavior of a group of people.

• A) Culture
• B)
• C)
• D)

In _______________memory, we are able to consciously recall the information such as facts, figures, mathematical symbols etc.

• A) Procedural
• B) Short-term
• C) Implicit
• D) Declarative

Let’s suppose children are able to speak and read in both Urdu and English languages. This is referred to as:

• A) Bilingualism
• B)
• C)
• D)

A teacher praises her student by giving a star on the note book as student performs well in the class; she is more likely to use______________.

• A) Association
• B) Reinforcement
• C) Extinction
• D) Shaping

Which of the following lobe of brain is involved in movement, decision-making, problem solving and planning?

• A) Frontal lobe
• B)
• C)
• D)

If a student wants to hold few information regarding historical events; what would be the first step in the process of memorizing?

• A) Control process
• B) Encoding
• C) Storage
• D) Retrieval

When an experiment is conducted on only one subject; it is referred as ____________.

• A) Single subject experimental design
• B)
• C)
• D)

Which of the following behavioral technique is involved in reinforcing successively closer approximations to a behavior until the occurrence of a correct behavior?

• A) Shaping
• B) Reinforcement
• C) Prompting
• D) Chaining

__________________ is the final stage of Piaget theory which begins at 11 years of age and continues up to adulthood.

• A) Formal operational
• B)
• C)
• D)

Noman, an eighth grade student, thinks “No matter how hard I study for this test, I’ll always get a bad grade.” His thinking reflects _______________.

• A) Low academic achievement
• B) Lack of confidence
• C) Peer pressure
• D) Learned helplessness

Roads, bridges, and overhead are the examples of which type of culture?

• A) Material
• B)
• C)
• D)

Bandura believed that human functioning is a product of the mutual interaction of environment, person, and __________.

• A) Cognition
• B) Learning
• C) Heredity
• D) Behavior

All of the followings are the characteristics of an expert student except

• A) They get easily distracted from the studies
• B)
• C)
• D)

____________ is the initial processing that transforms incoming stimuli into information so we can make sense of them.

• A) Sensory memory
• B) Long term memory
• C) Short term memory
• D) Iconic memory

When we use different procedures to solve a particular problem we are more likely to use knowledge:

• A) Conditional
• B)
• C)
• D)

_______________ is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to past experiences.

• A) Learning
• B) Forgetting
• C) Perception
• D) Memory