According to Herzberg, in order to provide employees with job satisfaction, managers should concentrate on which of the following?

• A) Motivation factors
• B) Issues such as pay
• C) Extrinsic factors
• D) Hygiene factors

“Specific goals increase performance and difficult goals when accepted result in higher performance” this proposition represent which of following theory?

• A) Expectancy theory
• B) Equity theory
• C) Goal setting theory
• D) Contingency theory

Which of the following is the power that arises because of a person’s desirable resources or personal traits?

• A) Referent power
• B) Legitimate power
• C) Reward power
• D) Expert power

All of the following factors have been found to influence the goals-performance relationship in goal setting theory EXCEPT:

• A) Self efficacy
• B) National culture
• C) Instrumentality
• D) Commitment

The continuous line of authority that extends from the upper levels of management to the lowest levels of the organization is called:

• A) Unity of command
• B) Responsibility factor
• C) Authorized line of responsibility
• D) Chain of command

All of the followings are elements of the organization structure EXCEPT:

• A) Motivation
• B) Chain of Command
• C) Formalization
• D) Departmentalization

Which of the following is a common characteristic of successful entrepreneurs?

• A) Fear of failure
• B) Resistance to change
• C) Willingness to take risks
• D) Preference for routine

Which of the following best defines responsibility within an organization?

• A) The obligation to perform assigned tasks and duties.
• B) The delegation of tasks from a manager to a subordinate.
• C) The authority given to an individual to make decisions.
• D) The process of monitoring performance.

Which of the following is best described as making a significant, discontinuous, or complementary change?

• A) Enterprise
• B) Innovation
• C) Variance
• D) Entrepreneurship

Which of the following refers to the rights of a manager to direct subordinates and expect compliance?

• A) Authority
• B) Chain of command
• C) Unity of command
• D) Responsibility

In a workplace context, autonomy primarily refers to:

• A) The responsibility to follow strict guidelines.
• B) The level of supervision received by employees.
• C) The authority to direct others' work.
• D) The freedom to make decisions within one’s own role.

What is entrepreneurship primarily about?

• A) Investing in stocks
• B) Starting and managing a new business venture
• C) Working for a large corporation
• D) Selling products

Which of the following is not among the external forces that create the need for change in the organizations?

• A) Government regulations
• B) Technology
• C) Labor markets
• D) New equipment

All of the following are the internal forces that tend to create the need for change in the organizations, EXCEPT:

• A) Changes in the workforce
• B) Change in the old equipment
• C) Change in employee attitudes
• D) Changes in the economy

The assignment of new or additional responsibilities to a subordinate is called:

• A) Span of control
• B) Coordination
• C) Delegation
• D) Specialization

Which of the following is one of the most important objective for small business owners?

• A) Innovation
• B) Profitability
• C) Market presence
• D) Growth

The process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy is referred to as:

• A) Feedback
• B) Specialization
• C) Delegation
• D) Accountability

Which of the following is the obligation or expectation to perform a duty?

• A) Span of control
• B) Chain of command
• C) Unity of command
• D) Responsibility

Which of the following refers to the responsibility for achieving objectives, using resources effectively, and adhering to organizational policy?

• A) Responsibility
• B) Accountability
• C) Delegation
• D) Authority

Which of the following is not among the three perspectives that should be considered in preparing a business plan?

• A) Marketing perspective
• B) Technical perspective
• C) Investor perspective
• D) Perspective of the entrepreneur